4 research outputs found
Immunoexpression of constitutive and inducible cyclooxygenase isoforms in distinguishing and accessory structures of synovial joints in rat foetuses
Joint formation is a developmental process regulated by various factors including
bone morphogenetic proteins, transforming and growth factors, etc. Recently,
a high expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in the foetal cartilaginous
elements was also revealed. On the other hand, various joint and
skeletal abnormalities were seen in laboratory animal and human offspring,
exposed in utero to several COX inhibitors. Immunoexpression of constitutive
(COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) cyclooxygenase isoforms was evaluated in various
articular structures of untreated and unfamiliar 21-day-old male rat foetuses.
Both COX isoforms were detected in the articular cartilage and joint capsule,
as well as in the intra-articular disc of the temporomandibular joint and
meniscus of the knee joint. COX-1 immunostaining was revealed in the anterior
and posterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint and the labrum of the hip
and shoulder, whereas COX-2 immunoreactivity in those structures was not
found. It could be concluded that both constitutive and inducible COX isoforms
are physiologically expressed in various structures of synovial joints in rat
foetuses at the end of prenatal development
Imaging of Uveal Melanoma—Current Standard and Methods in Development
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by an insidious onset and poor prognosis strongly associated with tumor size and the presence of distant metastases, most commonly in the liver. Contrary to most tumor identification, a biopsy followed by a pathological exam is used only in certain cases. Therefore, an early and noninvasive diagnosis is essential to enhance patients’ chances for early treatment. We reviewed imaging modalities currently used in the diagnostics of uveal melanoma, including fundus imaging, ultrasonography (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), as well as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The principle of imaging techniques is briefly explained, along with their role in the diagnostic process and a summary of their advantages and limitations. Further, the experimental data and the advancements in imaging modalities are explained. We describe UM imaging innovations, show their current usage and development, and explain the possibilities of utilizing such modalities to diagnose uveal melanoma in the future
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome – Case report
Introduction. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a group of clinical disorders typically manifested by
the presence of seizures, headache, impaired consciousness, nausea and focal neurological deficits. It is stated that PRES
is a result of high blood pressure which leads to impaired self-regulation and hyperperfusion causing endothelial damage
and vasogenic oedema or that excessive arteriolar vasoconstriction causes reduced blood flow, thus causing ischemia and
cytotoxic oedema.
Case Report. A 21-year-old woman was admitted to obstetrics & gynaecology department with symptoms of eclampsia.
CT of the head revelaed a holohemispheric watershed pattern. MRI confirmed the presence of vasogenicoedema in the
affected regions, typical for PRES. C-section was performed. Ten days after administering treatment, MRI showed complete
withdrawal of the lesions. The diagnosis of PRES was based on clinical symptoms and MRI, with typical cortical and subcortical
oedema without infarction