Investigation of highly excited states of calcium by three-photon ionization

The three-photon ionization in Ca from $4s^{2\; 1}$S0 ground state is studied. The two-photon process is a near — resonance process with one of the following bound states: 4s4d 1D2, 4p$^{2 \;3}$P2, 4s6s 1S0, 4p^{2} \; ^{1}D2 and 4p^{2}\; ^{1}S0 while the third photon reach either directly the continuum or one of the autoionizing states. The succession of bound states as well as the transitions above the ionization limit are discussed. The dynamics of the multiphoton excitation processes is also discussed and radiative decay of 4p^{2}\;^{1}S0 Ca state with two-photon excitation as well as (the measured) decay times of the Ca autoionizing states using the proper line profiles for different quantum numbers has been determined

Modelowanie lotu kapsuły wodnej : analiza teoretyczna i weryfikacja eksperymentalna

The paper presents theoretical models of flight of water-filled bag dropped from an aircraft moving horizontally. Results of numerical computations based on this model are compared with parameters of trajectory of the bag dropped from a helicopter.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki modelowania lotu pojemnika wypełnionego wodą, zrzucanego ze statku powietrznego, przemieszczającego się horyzontalnie. Wyniki obliczeń toru lotu pojemnika porównywane są z zarejestrowaną eksperymentalnie trajektorią kapsuły wodnej zrzucanej z helikoptera

The trap-box for collecting droplets of explosive formation water aerosol

Artykuł prezentuje budowę przyrządu służącego do przechwytywania kropel aerozolu wodnego wytwarzanego metodą wybuchową. Dotychczas nikt nie wykonywał tego typu pomiarów dla tak znacznej ilości rozpraszanej wody (1500 l). Zbudowany przyrząd umożliwia pośredni pomiar wielkości szybko poruszających się kropel aerozolu. Opracowano odporną na działanie wysokich ciśnień konstrukcję oraz oprogramowanie, które pozwala na zróżnicowany dobór parametrów pracy rejestratora.This article presents the building of the instrument (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) used to collect droplets of explosive formation of water aerosol. Such a method of producing water aerosol consists in the explosion of the explosive charge put inside the water capsule [1] and is potentially applicable in the case of extinguishing fires [2]. The sizes of droplets are important when designing an efficient system [1, 2], and such information is lacking in scientific literature. Up to now measurement of explosive formation aerosol droplets' size has been investigated with much less scale [6]. Performing droplet size measurements can be challenging, in view of the short distance from the explosive center, its high speed (200 m/s) and ambient pressures from the explosion (registered about 40 kPa in distance of 5 m from the axis of the water-capsule). These reasons are major obstacles to use known instruments and measurement methods [3, 4]. In this work, an instrument has been presented in a form of a trap-box (Fig. 2) to indirect measure the sizes of the aerosol droplets. This article presents the mechanical construction of instruments, which is immune for high pressure and humidity of the air; its modes; method of measurement; analysis of metrological parameters of trap-box and exemplary results

Explosive Formation and Spreading of Water-Spray Cloud - Experimental Development and Model Analyses

The paper presents results of experimental investigations and model analysis concerning the expansion of explosively produced water-spray cloud. The regular shape of water-spray cloud produced by a charge placed in a bag flled with water is attained. Effective dispersion of bags containing 600 up to 1500 litres of water is attained. The rise and deceleration of external zone of water-spray cloud is described analytically. The parameters of pressure feld evolving around the explosively formed spray cloud were registered