24 research outputs found
Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016
In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status (Pneumoviridae), the addition of five free-floating genera (Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, and Wastrivirus), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
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Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of the blue electro-luminescent cerium-doped calcium thiogallate from a liquid reagent delivery system
Deposition of CaS, Ga{sub 2}S{sub 3}, and CaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ce has been accomplished by MOCVD using Ca(tmhd){sub 2}, Ga(tmhd){sub 3}, and Ce(tmhd){sub 4}, with bubblers and with a liquid delivery system to control the flows. Samples were primarily characterized using x-ray fluorescence and electroluminescence measurements of the color and brightness. Deposition using the bubblers showed a definitive relationship between the Ga(tmhd){sub 3} bubbler temperature and the Ga XRF counts. The Ca conversion shows a tenuous relationship with the Ca(tmhd){sub 2} bubbler temperature, but the scatter of the data makes determining a correlation impractical. Use of the liquid delivery system is preferred to the bubblers because it delivered a reliable reagent flow without the same problems of degradation of the reagent over time. Analysis shows the CaS deposition is mass transport limited, while the Ga{sub 2}S{sub 3} is limited by the deposition kinetics. However, application of these mechanisms to the CaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ce deposition system reveals that the CaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}: Ce is independent of its components. Further, the deposition of CaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ce is found to be Ca rich under conditions which leads to lew Ga/Ca radios in the deposited film. This indicates that the conversion of Ca from Ca(tmhd){sub 2} was catalyzed by the slight presence of Ga in the form of CaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ce or Ga{sub 2}S{sub 3} on the surface. The Ca is thought to be deposited as CaS:Ce since there is a shift in the EL color towards green under low Ga/Ca ratios. The Ca conversion is also found to approach values predicted by the CaS deposition mechanism under conditions which lead to high Ga/Ca ratios, implying that excess Ga{sub 2}S{sub 3} is needed for the deposition of CaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ce without any CaS:Ce inclusions