A hospital based eye health survey to see the pattern of eye diseases in Uttarakhand, India

Background: The cause of blindness and low vision differs in different countries and communities. The requirements of eye services also vary according to the need of the native population. Studies showing the pattern of ocular morbidity are needed to build better infrastructure of eye care facilities.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in eye department of Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India between April 2016 to May 2016.the patients were seen in eye OPD by ophthalmologists. Proper anterior and posterior segment evaluation was done and patients were treated accordingly. Data including the registration number, name of the patient, age, sex and diagnosis were recorded in OPD register and analysed.Results: Total 1259 patients were examined. 605 were male and 654 were female. The mean age of male patients was 43 years and for females was 41.33 years. Refractive error (20.97%) was the commonest ocular morbidity in our study followed by cataract (20.02%), follow ups of cataract surgeries and allergic conjunctivitis. Besides refractive errors total 137 (10.88%) patients were presbyopic.Conclusions: This study shows a slightly exceeding number of female patients, which shows that females are equally aware of their health problems. Refractive errors are the most common cause in present study with cataract being second, may be because of higher mean age of the patients presenting to OPD. In present study allergic conjunctivitis was third commonest cause of ocular morbidity in our district may be due to windy weather. The leading causes of ocular morbidity in our study were refractive errors, cataract, allergic conjunctivitis and, presbyopia. The high prevalence of refractive errors and cataracts shows that hospital still requires an improved infrastructure with spectacle provision to the patients

CFD Analysis Of Engine Air Intake For A Pusher Type Light Transport Aircraft

In the process of design, development and certification of a turbo-prop Light Transport Aircraft (LTA), an important aspect is to establish the installed performance of the engine before carrying out actual flight tests. In this context, it is relevant to study and analyse behaviour of the engine air intake performance before commencing actual flight tests. CFD analysis of flow in and around the nacelle and engine air intake duct was carried out using two RANS based models, S-A and SST k-omega using the commercial software ANSYS Fluent. Special emphasis was laid on developing a good quality mesh for the computational domain with a finer boundary layer mesh along the wall and by maintaining a higher density mesh at critical areas. Ram air recovery and mass flow rate of main air intake duct has been established from the results obtained. The results obtained from the CFD study have shown that the inlet system pressure loss and ram air recovery are within limits prescribed by the engine original equipment manufacturer. From the overall analysis, total pressure total pressure recovery at the plenum was found satisfactory for all flight cases, covering variation in the Mach number, altitude and nacelle AOA. Qualitative results obtained from CFD show that the behaviour of the engine intake is consistent across flight conditions

Studies on Clays from Bansi, Mirzapur District

Two samples of clays were received from the Glass technologist to Government of Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur for investigating their suitability for the production of refractories. These samples are from large deposits of clays recently discovered by the Directorate of Geology and Mining U.P. in South west corner of Mirzapur District, around Bansi Village in Singrauli Pargana. Just above 6 inches thick coal seam a regular bed of non-plastic as well as slightly plastic clays are said to occur within the Barker Sandstone of lower Gondwana system. Clays are of white, light-yellow and pink colour, of which the white variety predominates. The reserve of readily available clay is estimated to be 5 million tons

Mercury hydrometer for volume determination

The paper describes a modified form of mercury-hydrometer and explains the advantages it offers for the determination of volume and bulk density ceramic bodies. (Mr. Ashimesh Dutt, Senior Scientific Assistant; Mr. Prithwis Chandra Sen, Junior Scientific Officer and Mr. H. V. Bhaskar Rao, Assistant Director, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur

Intermolecular electron transfer rate in diffusion limited region: picosecond fluorescence studies

The temporal profiles of the quenched fluorescence decay of the free base meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin (H2TPP) and its Zn derivative (ZnTPP) with quenchers such as quinones and m-dinitrobenzene have been analysed by methods developed for short time regimes which are known to be diffusion influenced [N. Periasamy et al., J. Chem. Phys.88, 1638 (1988); 89, 4799 (1988); Chem. Phys. Lett.160, 457 (1989); N. Periasamy, Biophys. J.. 54, 961 (1988); R. Das and N. Periasamy, Chem. Phys. 136, 361 (1989); G.C. Joshi et al., J. Phys. Chem.94, 2908 (1990)]. These quenchers are known to participate in an electron transfer reaction leading to a charge separation. The intrinsic rate constant (ka) derived from the analysis is examined as a function of the change in free energy in the electron transfer reaction. Such a comparison indicates that ka can be related to the electron transfer rate, ket. The electron transfer rates measured in acetonitrile (solvent reorganization energy, λs=1.35) and toluene (λs=0.1) do not indicate the existence of an inverted region as predicted by Marcus. The trend agrees with the findings of Rehm and Weller [Isr. J. Chem.8, 259 (1970)], except that the rate constants are at least one order of magnitude larger than the diffusion limited values

A retrospective observational study over surgical management of giant thoracic tumours: horrendous but manageable

Abstract Background Giant thoracic tumour (GTT) does not have a clear definition, but, as per usual terminology, they are thoracic masses whose long axis is > 10 cm or covering more than 50% of the hemithorax. The mediastinum is a unique space in the thoracic cavity that can have a wide range of masses of different cellular origins imposing both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate the surgical treatment outcomes of giant intrathoracic tumours and final histopathological diagnosis with evidence for manageability. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines has been followed for reporting this observational study. Results Between January 2018 and December 2022, the medical data of a total of 11 patients (06 males, 05 females; age range, 05 to 52 years) who underwent radical surgery for GTT in our centre were retrospectively reviewed in this observational study. We evaluated presenting symptoms, radiological findings, presumptive pathological diagnosis, and surgically excised mass gross and histopathological examination. Six (54.5%) of our patients were male, and five (45.5%) were female. The age range was between 05 and 52 years. The tumour localisations of our patients were five (45.5%) hemithorax and six (54.5%) mediastinal. The largest excised mass was 26 × 24 × 12 cm, and the heaviest mass was 3600 g. All patients underwent conventional open surgery. The overall survival was 100%, with no immediate postoperative mortality, indicating an excellent prognosis despite a dreadful appearance. Conclusion Due to neighbouring vascular structures, the surgical resection of manoeuvres in this crucial cavity with the excision of giant masses may be difficult and tricky. Preoperative diagnostic investigations and planning play a significant role in accurately localising the mass and the invasion possibility of adjacent vital structures. The results of this study may provide scientific evidence to guide the treatment of giant thoracic tumours in clinical practice