The Effects of Macrophage Polarity on Influenza Virus Replication and Innate Immune Responses

Different pathways of macrophage differentiation and activation lead to diverse macrophage phenotypes including expression of cell surface molecules, cytokine secretion and transcription profiles. Here we investigated in vitro the impact of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory polarization of human primary macrophages on their susceptibility to Influenza A virus infection and characterised innate immune responses in infected cells. M2 M-CSF+IL4 macrophages showed greater susceptibility to influenza A infection than M1 GM-CSF+interferon (IFN)γ macrophages.published_or_final_versio

Antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS coronavirus infection and its role in the pathogenesis of SARS

1. Anti-SARS-CoV spike antibodies promote infection of primary human immune cells by SARS-CoV. 2. The antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) infection pathway grants SARS-CoV an opportunity to infect primary human macrophages, but it does not sustain productive viral replication in the infected cells. 3. ADE of SARS-CoV infection does not alter pro-inflammatory gene expression profile of primary human macrophages. 4. Infectivity of SARS-CoV does not rely solely on the potency of target cells to bind — via Fcγ receptor II (CD32) — infectious immune complexes, but depends on the properties of the intracellular domain of the FcγRII. 5. Occurrence of ADE of SARS-CoV infection into human primary macrophages, without alteration to their pro-inflammatory properties, advocates cautious development of SARS-CoV vaccine in humans, and provides new ways of investigation to understand the pathogenesis of SARS.published_or_final_versio

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) of infection and its possible role in the pathogenesis of influenza

Poster Presentation: Theme 5 - Infection & Immunology: 5.0