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    A comparison between the mechanisms of taxation on industrial production in Mercosur countries

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    The tributary plan is recognized as in important factor in the search of competitiveness. A lower tributary burden allows the sales price to be more competitive. The awareness concerning the tributary burden and taxation as well embodies itself of fundamental importance for the tributary plan. In this sense, the present research was developed with the purpose of demonstrating and comparing the mechanisms of taxation, the respective tributary burdens and the representativeness of them in relation to the sales price of the industrial production of Mercosul member-countries. Initially, the research based itself on the literature review where it was searched and studied the objectives of Mercosul, the variants that compound the sales price and the methodology of its formation. Subsequently, through a documental analysis, it was identified the mechanisms of taxation and the tributary burden practiced by the member-countries, and applying those in a methodology of price formation. By linking the respective tributary burden to the net sales price obtained, it was presented the representativeness in each of the studied member-countries. This way, keeping unaltered the other variants that compound the price, it was verified that: in Brazil, the taxes and contributions over sales, the markup and the administrative and sales expenses are part of its respective base of calculus: the Brazilian tributary burden is the highest among the member-countries of Mercosul; in trading carried out by other member-countries with Brazil, the respective tributary burdens on the importation price are lower than the ones practiced in Brazil. This factor becomes the products imported from Mercosul to be more competitive than the ones produced in Brazil; by the incentives given to the exportations, Brazilian products sold in any of the other member-countries of Mercosul present the lowest tax. Thus, the Brazilian product in trading with the other member-countries is more competitive than those practiced in the respective internal markets.O planejamento tributĆ”rio Ć© reconhecido como um importante fator na busca da competitividade. Uma carga tributĆ”ria menor poderĆ” tornar o preƧo de venda mais competitivo. O conhecimento da carga tributĆ”ria e dos mecanismos de tributaĆ§Ć£o se reveste de fundamental importĆ¢ncia para o planejamento tributĆ”rio. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de demonstrar e comparar os mecanismos de tributaĆ§Ć£o, as respectivas cargas tributĆ”rias e a representatividade destas em relaĆ§Ć£o ao preƧo de venda da produĆ§Ć£o industrial dos paĆ­ses membros do Mercosul. A pesquisa, inicialmente, baseou-se na revisĆ£o da literatura onde foram buscados os objetivos do Mercosul, as variĆ”veis que compƵem o preƧo de venda e as metodologias de formaĆ§Ć£o. Em seguida, atravĆ©s da anĆ”lise documental, foram levantados os mecanismos de tributaĆ§Ć£o e as cargas tributĆ”rias praticadas nos paĆ­ses membros, aplicando-as em uma metodologia de formaĆ§Ć£o do preƧo. Relacionando as respectivas cargas tributĆ”rias com os preƧos lĆ­quidos de venda obtidos, apresentou-se a representatividade em cada um dos paĆ­ses estudados. Assim, mantidas inalteradas as demais variĆ”veis que compƵem o preƧo, constatou-se que: no Brasil, os impostos e contribuiƧƵes sobre vendas, a margem de lucro e as despesas administrativas e de vendas fazem parte das suas respectivas bases de cĆ”lculo; a carga tributĆ”ria brasileira Ć© superior a dos demais paĆ­ses membros; em operaƧƵes realizadas pelos paĆ­ses membros do Mercosul com o Brasil, as respectivas cargas tributĆ”rias incidentes no preƧo de importaĆ§Ć£o sĆ£o inferiores as praticadas no Brasil. Esse fator torna os produtos importados do Mercosul mais competitivos que os produzidos no Brasil; pelos incentivos Ć s exportaƧƵes, o produto brasileiro vendido em qualquer um dos paĆ­ses membros, apresentam a menor carga tributĆ”ria. Com isto, o produto brasileiro em operaƧƵes com os demais paĆ­ses membros Ć© mais competitivo que os praticados nos respectivos mercados internos
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