11 research outputs found

    Relative vulnerability to hurricane disturbance for endangered mammals in Mexico: a call for adaptation strategies under uncertainty

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    Most climate change vulnerability assessments of species focus on characterizing the degree to which species are likely to be affected by changes in mean climatic conditions. Yet, there has been little progress in the explicit assessment of species vulnerability to extreme climatic events (ECEs) which have the potential to cause substantial environmental disturbance and potentially catastrophic declines of wildlife populations. Using a trait-based approach, we assessed the relative vulnerability of populations of wild animal species to hurricanes, focusing on 25 terrestrial mammals at high risk of extinction in Mexico. Our assessment uses biological traits associated with heightened sensitivity (low vagility and territoriality) and low adaptive capacity (restricted diet and habitat specialization) in relation to their predicted exposure to hurricanes, based on records of occurrence of hurricanes in their geographical range over the past 45 years. We found that territoriality was present in most of the species assessed (n = 20) followed by habitat specialization (n = 6), low vagility (n = 6) and diet specialization (n = 3). Two subspecies of spider monkeys Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus and A. g. yucatanensis, two howler monkeys Alouatta pigra and Alouatta palliata mexicana and the silky anteater Cyclopes didactylus all emerged from this assessment as highly vulnerable to population declines from exposure to hurricanes. In the absence of any robust predictive framework for assessing risk to species from ECEs we suggest that the integration of data on hurricane exposure and species’ intrinsic biology, as presented here, represents a coherent and informative basis for risk evaluation and the design of possible mitigation strategies

    An integrated analysis of 33 Eucalyptus trials linking the onset of competition-induced tree growth suppression with management, physiographic and climatic factors

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    One of the greatest difficulties associated with controlling competitive vegetation during the establishment of eucalypts relates to the timing and planning of `weeding' operations. This may be due to site related variability in vegetation species distribution and abundance, climatic conditions and methods of site preparation. Using data from 33 eucalypt vegetation management trials, multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine whether any climatic, physiographic or management related variables could be related to the time taken for competition-induced tree growth suppression to occur. Altitude, the method of site preparation (burning versus not burning) and the interaction between these two factors were significantly related to the timing of tree growth suppression. Regardless of the method of site preparation, the onset of competition-induced tree growth suppression occurred earlier at lower altitudes, where the vegetation was more diverse and vigorous. At higher altitudes, burning appears to stimulate the earlier growth of vegetation, reducing the time for competition-induced tree growth suppression to occur.Une analyse intĂ©grĂ©e de 33 essais avec des eucalyptus reliant le dĂ©but de la baisse de croissance due Ă  la compĂ©tition avec la gestion des peuplements, les facteurs physiographiques et climatiques. Une des grandes difficultĂ©s pour obtenir un contrĂŽle de la vĂ©gĂ©tation concurrentielle pendant l'installation de plantations d'eucalyptus est liĂ©e Ă  la planification des opĂ©rations de dĂ©sherbage. La difficultĂ© provient de la variabilitĂ© de distribution et d'abondance des espĂšces qui constituent la vĂ©gĂ©tation, des conditions climatiques et des mĂ©thodes de prĂ©paration du terrain. Des donnĂ©es de 33 essais de gestion de la vĂ©gĂ©tation concurrente en plantation d'Eucalyptus ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es avec des techniques statistiques multivariĂ©es pour identifier les variables climatiques, physiographiques ou de gestion susceptibles d'influencer l'apparition du ralentissement de croissance par la compĂ©tition herbacĂ©e. L'altitude, la mĂ©thode de prĂ©paration du terrain (brĂ»lis ou non brĂ»lis) et l'interaction entre ces deux facteurs ont eu un effet significatif sur ce ralentissement. IndĂ©pendamment de la mĂ©thode de prĂ©paration du terrain, le ralentissement de croissance se produisait plus prĂ©cocement Ă  basse altitude, lĂ  oĂč la vĂ©gĂ©tation Ă©tait plus variĂ©e et plus vigoureuse. À plus haute altitude, le brĂ»lis semble stimuler une croissance plus prĂ©coce de la vĂ©gĂ©tation herbacĂ©e, en favorisant ainsi le ralentissement de la croissance des arbres

    Cold hardiness and transplant response of Juglans nigra seedlings subjected to alternative storage regimes

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    ∙\bullet Effects of overwinter storage regimes on seedling cold hardiness and physiological vigor are relatively unexplored, particularly for temperate deciduous forest tree species. ∙\bullet We evaluated influence of storage duration (0, 66, 119, or 175 d) on electrolyte leakage of stem and root collar tissues following exposure to a series of freeze-test temperatures in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seedlings sampled from cold (3 °C) or freezer (–2 °C) storage. Seedlings were subsequently transplanted into a controlled growth chamber environment for two months. ∙\bullet Regardless of storage temperature, mean LT50_{50} was lowest for seedlings stored for 66 d (≀\leq –34 °C) and increased dramatically after 119 d (≄\geq –13 °C). ∙\bullet Root collar tissue had lower LT50_{50} than stem tissue after 119 d for cold-stored seedlings, reflecting importance of evaluative tissue type. Days to bud break shortened with increasing storage duration up to 119 d and stabilized thereafter for both storage regimes. Root growth potential was maximized after 119 d of storage, and subsequently declined for cold-stored seedlings. Height growth increased following storage, regardless of duration. ∙\bullet To promote stress resistance and transplant growth response, we recommend that black walnut seedlings from this genetic source be outplanted after approximately 66–119 d of storage.Endurcissement au froid et rĂ©ponse des semis de Juglans nigra transplantĂ©s aprĂšs exposition Ă  diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de stockage. ∙\bullet Les effets de diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de stockage hivernal sur la rĂ©sistance au froid des semis et sur leur vigueur physiologique ont Ă©tĂ© relativement inexplorĂ©s, en particulier pour les arbres forestiers dĂ©cidus tempĂ©rĂ©s. ∙\bullet Nous avons Ă©valuĂ© l'influence de la durĂ©e de stockage (0, 66, 119 ou 175 jours) sur la perte d'Ă©lectrolyte de la tige et des tissus du collet racinaire exposĂ©s Ă  une sĂ©rie de tests (tĂ©moin 4 %C, –10 °C, –20 °C, –40 °C) de tempĂ©rature de congĂ©lation de semis de noyer noir (Juglans nigra L.), aprĂšs stockage au froid (3 °C) ou au gel (–2 °C). Les semis Ă©taient ensuite transplantĂ©s dans une chambre climatisĂ©e pour une durĂ©e de deux mois. IndĂ©pendamment de la tempĂ©rature de stockage, la moyenne de LT50 (tempĂ©rature lĂ©tale correspondant Ă  un endommagement de 50 % des plants) a Ă©tĂ© plus basse pour les semis stockĂ©s pendant 66 jours (≀\leq –34 °C) et s'est accrue de façon spectaculaire aprĂšs 119 jours (≄\geq –13 °C). ∙\bullet Les tissus du collet racinaire avaient un plus bas LT50 que les tissus de la tige, aprĂšs 119 jours pour les semis stockĂ©s au froid, reflĂ©tant l'importance du type de tissu pour l'Ă©valuation. Le nombre de jours jusqu'au dĂ©bourrement a Ă©tĂ© raccourci avec l'accroissement de la durĂ©e de stockage jusqu'Ă  119 jours et s'est stabilisĂ© par la suite pour les deux modalitĂ©s de stockage. Le potentiel de croissance racinaire a Ă©tĂ© maximisĂ© aprĂšs 119 jours de stockage et a dĂ©clinĂ© par la suite, pour les semis stockĂ©s au froid. La croissance en hauteur s'est accrue Ă  la suite du stockage, indĂ©pendamment de sa durĂ©e. ∙\bullet Pour promouvoir une rĂ©sistance Ă©levĂ©e au stress et une forte reprise de croissance des semis transplantĂ©s, nous recommandons que les semis de noyer noir de cette source gĂ©nĂ©tique soient plantĂ©s aprĂšs approximativement 66 Ă  119 jours de stockage
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