History in the Turkish elementary school : perceptions and pedagogy

This study investigates teachers' and pupils' roles in the teaching and learning of elementary history in relation to the social studies curriculum in Turkish schools. The methodological design of the study embraces both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Questionnaires were completed by 219 elementary teachers in Istanbul and Samsun in Turkey. Seven class teachers and three head teachers took part in the interview process based in the study's three case schools in the Bafra district of Samsun. Observations took place in three fourth and three fifth grade elementary classrooms of the same schools and lasted three weeks. The study argues that children must be given a sense of the discipline of history by introducing historical enquiry as the basis of the school history teaching in order that pupils will develop the skills which make significant contributions to their cognitive development (see Chapter three). From the analysis of the data the study found that: - There were gaps between teachers' espoused child-centred curriculum theories and their classroom practices. Teachers preferred whole class teaching techniques (i. e. lecturing and questioning) as the means of delivering the curriculum. The curriculum itself was too broad and too knowledge-based. - History was seen as a vehicle in citizenship education based on the political events of national history. The subject's classroom activities were dominated by textbooks and the practice of 'pupil's recitation' which was limited to the memorisation of factual information. - Teachers mostly used a style of questioning which checked pupils' historical knowledge rather than their historical understanding. - From the analysis of interview data and Turkish curriculum documents, the study argued that the teachers could be classified as 'national utopians' and 'utilitarian/instrumentalists' in their perceptions of elementary education. This affected their teaching styles. - The analysis of video-tape data showed that teachers used three main teaching styles. On the basis of a further classification teachers were grouped as 'lecturers', 'controllers of proxy teaching' and 'questioners'. The relationship between teaching styles and teachers' perceptions of elementary education is discussed in chapters five and six. - The teachers thought that they were experts in the teaching of literacy and numeracy and argued that subject specialism was only to be considered in other areas of the curriculum. - This study also confirmed that the social studies textbooks used in the classrooms involved in the study were not appropriate to pupils' understanding and reading levels (see chapters five and six). During the observations, it was recorded that below average pupils used their textbooks less than the above average and average pupils. The textbooks were less likely to promote the task related behaviour category 'working' than other materials. The study has implications for the process of educational change beyond the teaching of history. It focuses on issues of curriculum and practice in Turkish elementary schools by analysing the factors affecting teachers' perceptions of curriculum policy and their own practices. It investigates each of these areas and presents the implications for policy, theory, practice and research in Chapter seven by concluding that the starting point for a rational educational policy should be partnership with teachers. Therefore, the study argues that teachers must be included in research projects and that such projects need to use a variety of techniques based on classroom practice, (e. g. interview analysis, observation techniques, questionnaires, document analysis, case studies and action research) explored and evaluated throughout this study

Köpük Dolgulu Kare Kesitli Tailor-Welded Tüplerin Çarpma Performansının Sonlu Elemanlar Parçacık Hidrodinamiği Yöntemi Kullanılarak İncelenmesi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2013Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2013Bu çalışmada köpük dolgulu tailor welded tüplerin eksenel yük altındaki dinamik davranışı sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle araştırıldı. Bu araştırmada optimizasyon modüllü (Ls-Opt) ticari sonlu elemanlar yazılımı LS-DYNA kullanıldı. Köpük dolgulu tüplerin enerji sönümleme kapasitelerini belirlemek için sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ve düzgün parçacık hidrodinamiği yöntemi birlikte kullanıldı. Analizler sonucunda özgül enerji absorbsiyonu (SEA), pik kuvveti, çarpma kuvveti verimliliği (CFE, ortalama kuvvetin pik kuvvete oranı) grafikleri elde edildi. Sonuçta tüp kalınlığı ve yoğunluğun artmasıyla tailor-welded tüplerin çarpma performansını artırdığı görülmüştür

The effects of mold sensitivity on the clinical characteristics of adult asthmatic patients

Introduction: The effects of mold sensitivity on the development and course of asthma have been researched previously, although study results vary. We sought to evaluate the characteristics of our mold-sensitive patients in comparison with those of other adult asthmatic patients. Materials and methods: Data were collected retrospectively from adult asthmatic patients who underwent regular follow-ups at our tertiary care outpatient clinic for immunology and allergic diseases. Patients were grouped and compared according to three categories of aeroallergen sensitivity status determined via a skin prick test. The study variables were demographic data, asth-ma-onset age, comorbid conditions, asthma-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations, systemic corticosteroid burst, asthma control assessment tests, and pulmonary function tests. Results: In total, 242 patients’ data were evaluated. Their mean age was 48.6 ± 15.4 years, with female predominance (81.4%). Mold-sensitive asthmatics composed 34.7%, while the aeroallergen-sensitive group without molds (33.1%) and the non-sensitized group (32.2%) composed the rest. The mold-sensitive group had a higher rate of polysensitization (92.8%) than the sensitized group without molds. In multinomial logistic regression analysis, mold sensitivity was positively associated with shorter asthma duration, absence of sinonasal polyposis, presence of allergic rhinitis, and generally well-controlled asthma compared to the non-sensitized group. Also, mold sensitivity was positively associated with shorter asthma duration, drug allergy, and absence of systemic corticosteroid bursts compared to the sensitized group without molds in logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Our mold-sensitive asthmatic patients demonstrated better asthma symptom control. It should be considered that mold sensitization in adult asthmatics is not always a poor prognostic factor

Konik Tailor-Welded Tüplerin Enerji Sönümleme Karakteristiklerinin İncelenmesi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2013Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2013Bu çalışmada tailor-welded tüplerin (TWT) (AISI1018& AL6061), kalınlık (tüst=0.5-2.5 mm) ve koniklik açılarında (0, 5, 10 ve 15) enerji sönümleme karakteristikleri sayısal olarak incelendi. Analizler sonucunda özgül enerji, pik kuvvet ve çarpma kuvvet verimi gibi değerlerin grafikleri elde edildi ve sonuçlar birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldı. Anahtar kelimeler: Çarpışma, Konik ve silindirik tüpler, çarpışma dayanım

The effect of mold sensitivity on the clinical characteristics of adult asthmatic patients

CHEST Annual Meeting -- OCT 22-26, 2016 -- Los Angeles, CADursun, A. Berna/0000-0002-6337-6326WOS: 000400118600007PURPOSE: Previous studies have showed the link between the mold sensitivity and asthma severity. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of mold sensitivity on the clinical characteristics of asthmatics. METHODS: The data was collected from patients regularly followed at least 1 year in the asthma center of a tertiary hospital. The mold sensitivity was evaluated by performing a skin prick test (SPT) with Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicllium in which the sensitivity to at least one accepted as mold sensitive. Comorbidities, the age at asthma diagnosis, duration of asthma, the numbers of systemic corticosteroid burst (SCB), emergency room (ER) visit and hospitalization were questioned. Asthma control status and pulmonary function test (PFT) were evaluated as a part of the routine procedure.CHES

Galectin-3, IL-1A, IL-6, and EGF levels in corneal epithelium of patients with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome

Purpose: To determine the galectin-3 (Gal3), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in corneal epithelium of patients with recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) syndrome and compare them with healthy controls. Methods: In this prospective interventional case control study, 32 eyes of 32 patients with RCE syndrome who had corneal epithelial erosions and 28 eyes of 28 healthy participants scheduled for photorefractive keratectomy (control group) were included. Exclusion criteria included corneal dystrophies, ectasia, dry eye, previous ocular surgery or topical medications, and systemic diseases. Epithelial samples were obtained during epithelial debridement in the study group and mechanical epithelial keratectomy in the control group. Galectin-3 levels were studied by the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. IL-1, IL-6, and EGF levels were determined using corresponding ELISA kits. Results: The median Gal3 levels were 132.25 ng/mL in the study group and 106.50 ng/mL in the control group. The median IL-1 and IL-6 levels were 6.24 pg/mL and 10.16 pg/mL, respectively, in the study group which were higher than that in the control group. The median EGF level in the study group was lower than that the control group with 1.30 pg/mL versus 2.67 pg/mL. In the control group, there was a significant positive correlation between EGF and IL-6 (r = 0.554; P = 0.040). A similar correlation was not observed in patients with RCE (r = -0.071; P = 0.794). Conclusions: The lack of increased EGF expression and the imbalance between growth factors, adhesion molecules, and interleukins may be the reason for the impaired wound healing response in RCE syndrome

Clinically abnormal case with paternally derived partial trisomy 8p23.3 to 8p12 including maternal isodisomy of 8p23.3: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Because of low copy repeats (LCRs) and common inversion polymorphisms, the human chromosome 8p is prone to a number of recurrent rearrangements. Each of these rearrangements is associated with several phenotypic features. We report on a patient with various clinical malformations and developmental delay in connection with an inverted duplication event, involving chromosome 8p.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Chromosome analysis, multicolor banding analysis (MCB), extensive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and microsatellite analysis were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The karyotype was characterized in detail by multicolor banding (MCB), subtelomeric and centromere-near probes as 46,XY,dup(8)(pter->p23.3::p12->p23.3::p23.3->qter). Additionally, microsatellite analysis revealed the paternal origin of the duplication and gave hints for a mitotic recombination involving about 6 MB in 8p23.3.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A comprehensive analysis of the derivative chromosome 8 suggested a previously unreported mechanism of formation, which included an early mitotic aberration leading to maternal isodisomy, followed by an inverted duplication of the 8p12p23.3 region.</p

Cyclooxygenase-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Their Correlation with Angiogenesis in Gastric Carcinomas

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, mide karsinomları ile bunların lenf nodu metastazlarında siklooksijenaz-2 (COX-2) ve vasküler endotelyal büyüme (growth) faktörü (VEGF) immün reaktivitelerini belirlemek, bunların anjiyogenezle ve histopatolojik prognostik parametrelerle olan ilişkisini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Otuz üç gastrik karsinom olgusunda immünhistokimyasal yöntemlerle COX-2, VEGF ekspresyonu ve CD34 ile belirlenen mikrodamar dansitesi (MVD) derecesi incelendi.Bulgular: COX-2 ile normal mukoza %96,9, karsinom grubu %87,8 oranında pozitif boyandı. Tümördeki COX-2 boyanma derecesi ile mukozadaki COX-2 boyanma derecesi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark izlenmedi. Damar invazyonu pozitif olguların COX-2 ile lenf nodu boyanma derecesi anlamlı olarak daha yüksek idi (p<0,01). VEGF ile normal mukoza %100, karsinom grubu %93,9 oranında pozitif boyandı. Normal mukoza karsinom grubuna kıyasla VEGF ile anlamlı olarak daha yüksek oranda pozitiflik gösterdi (p=0,05). MVD derecesi tümöre kıyasla mukozada daha fazla idi (p<0,01). Kötü diferansiye karsinomlar, iyi ve orta derecede diferansiye karsinomlara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek MVD derecesine sahipti (p<0,05). Tümörde ve metastatik lenf nodlarında COX-2 ve VEGF ekspresyonu ile MVD derecesi arasında herhangi bir ilişki tespit edilmedi. COX-2, VEGF ve MVD derecesinin klinikopatolojik parametrelerle ilişkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı.Sonuç: Bu bulgulara göre gastrik karsinomlarda MVD derecesi artarken, tümör diferansiasyonu azalıyor olabilir, fakat COX-2 ve VEGF'nin gastrik karsinom gelişimindeki rolü henüz tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. COX-2, VEGF ve MVD derecesinin gastrik karsinogenezis sürecindeki yerini tam olarak açığa kavuşturabilmek için daha geniş serilerle ileri çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gastric carcinomas and lymph node metastasis and their relationship with angiogenesis and prognostic histopathological parameters.Materials and Methods: COX-2 and VEGF expression and microvessel density (MVD) grade identified by antibodies against CD34 were investigated immunohistochemically in 33 patients with gastric carcinoma. Results: The expression of COX-2 was 96.9% in normal mucosa and 87.8% in gastric carcinoma. Although COX-2 expression in mucosa was higher than in carcinoma, the difference was not statistically significant. The COX-2 positivity rates in lymph nodes were significantly higher in patients with vascular invasion (p&lt;0.01). The expression of VEGF was 100% in normal mucosa and 93.9% in gastric carcinoma. VEGF levels in mucosa were significantly higher than in carcinoma (p=0.05). MVD grade in mucosa was significantly higher than in gastric carcinoma (p&lt;0.01). MVD values were significantly higher in poorly differentiated carcinomas than in well and moderately differentiated carcinomas (p&lt;0.05). There was no association between COX-2 and VEGF expression and MVD grade in tumor tissues and metastatic lymph nodes. There was no correlation of clinicopathological parameters with COX-2 and VEGF expression and MVD grade.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the MVD in gastric carcinoma may correlate with tumor grade, but the precise roles of COX-2 and VEGF in gastric cancers are not yet fully understood. Further studies with large series are needed to clarify the importance of COX-2, VEGF and MVD in cancer progression

Cyclooxygenase-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Their Correlation with Angiogenesis in Gastric Carcinomas

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gastric carcinomas and lymph node metastasis and their relationship with angiogenesis and prognostic histopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: COX-2 and VEGF expression and microvessel density (MVD) grade identified by antibodies against CD34 were investigated immunohistochemically in 33 patients with gastric carcinoma. Results: The expression of COX-2 was 96.9% in normal mucosa and 87.8% in gastric carcinoma. Although COX-2 expression in mucosa was higher than in carcinoma, the difference was not statistically significant. The COX-2 positivity rates in lymph nodes were significantly higher in patients with vascular invasion (p<0.01). The expression of VEGF was 100% in normal mucosa and 93.9% in gastric carcinoma. VEGF levels in mucosa were significantly higher than in carcinoma (p=0.05). MVD grade in mucosa was significantly higher than in gastric carcinoma (p<0.01). MVD values were significantly higher in poorly differentiated carcinomas than in well and moderately differentiated carcinomas (p<0.05). There was no association between COX-2 and VEGF expression and MVD grade in tumor tissues and metastatic lymph nodes. There was no correlation of clinicopathological parameters with COX-2 and VEGF expression and MVD grade. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the MVD in gastric carcinoma may correlate with tumor grade, but the precise roles of COX-2 and VEGF in gastric cancers are not yet fully understood. Further studies with large series are needed to clarify the importance of COX-2, VEGF and MVD in cancer progression

Epidemiology of pemphigus in Turkey: One-year prospective study of 220 cases

Pemphigus is a group of rare and life-threatening autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. Although they occur worldwide, their incidence shows wide geographical variation, and prospective data on the epidemiology of pemphigus are very limited. Objective of this work is to evaluate the incidence and epidemiological and clinical features of patients with pemphigus in Turkey. All patients newly diagnosed with pemphigus between June 2013 and June 2014 were prospectively enrolled in 33 dermatology departments in 20 different provinces from all seven regions of Turkey. Disease parameters including demography and clinical findings were recorded. A total of 220 patients were diagnosed with pemphigus during the 1-year period, with an annual incidence of 4.7 per million people in Turkey. Patients were predominantly women, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.41. The mean age at onset was 48.9 years. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was the commonest clinical subtype (n=192; 87.3%), followed by pemphigus foliaceus (n=21; 9.6%). The most common clinical subtype of PV was the mucocutaneous type (n=83; 43.2%). The mean Pemphigus Disease Area Index was 28.14±22.21 (mean ± Standard Deviation).  The incidence rate of pemphigus in Turkey is similar to the countries of South-East Europe, higher than those reported for the Central and Northern European countries and lower than the countries around the Mediterranean Sea and Iran. Pemphigus is more frequent in middle-aged people and is more common in women. The most frequent subtype was PV, with a 9-fold higher incidence than pemphigus foliaceus.   </p