Physicochemical and Microbiological Qualities of the Abattoir Wastewater in Part of Minna Niger State

The study was aimed at Physicochemical and Microbiological composition of the abattoir wastewater in parts of Minna, Niger State. Based on morphological and biochemical tests using API kits, the yeast isolates were identified as species of Candida, Cryptococcus and Trichosporon. The most frequently isolated species was Candida lusitaniae (29.42%), followed by Cryptococcus neoformans (17.76%) while Candida tropicalis, Candida zeylanoides, Candida gulliernondii and Candida fermata had 11.72% frequency of occurrence each. Trichosporon mucoides had the least frequency of occurrence of 5.8%. Analysis of the abattoir wastewater revealed the mean value of 5257.50 mg/l, 2630.00 mg/l and 5830.00 mg/l for total suspended solids (TSS), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) respectively. These values are above WHO standard limits of 20 mg/l, 20mg/l and 1000mg/l respectively. The pH of 7.90 and temperature 26.75 0C obtained for wastewater are within the limit allowed by the WHO. Besides, the concentrations of the heavy metals, copper, lead, magnesium, nickel and zinc in the samples were higher than permissible limit by the WHO except chromium. The study also revealed that the wastewater had mean total viable bacteria, yeast and coliform counts of 2.16× 107, 5.82 x 105 and 1.62 ×105 cfu/ml respectively. The results observed suggest therefore, the organisms particularly; C. neoformans and C. lusitaniae can be suitable candidates for bioremediation of abattoir waste water in the tropics. Keywords: Abattoir; Heavy metal; Wastewater and Yeast

A new hard-particle model for anisotropic fluids

We report a new hard-particle model system consisting of hard cylinders, we have determined the geometrical conditions that let us know whether or not two given cylinders overlap. In addition we have carried out Monte Carlo simulations sampling the canonical ensemble on this system, the numerical results indicate that this system exhibits mesomorphic behaviour

Discriminative capacity and construct validity of the Clock Drawing Test in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric and diagnostic properties of the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), scored according to the Babins, Rouleau, and Cahn scoring systems, for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) screening, and develop corresponding cutoff scores. Additionally, we assessed the construct validity of the CDT through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. METHODS: We developed a cross-sectional study of ambulatory MCI and AD patients, divided in two clinical groups (450 MCI and 250 mild AD patients) and a normal control group (N = 400). All participants were assessed with the CDT, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for convergent validity. RESULTS: The selected scoring systems presented adequate validity and reliability values. The proposed cutoff scores showed 60 to 65% sensitivity and 58 to 62% specificity to identify MCI patients. The corresponding values for AD were 84 to 90% sensitivity and 76 to 78% specificity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the Babins scoring system had good construct validity and allowed us to propose a three-factor model for this system. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed the complexity of the CDT and support it as a cognitive screening instrument particularly sensitive to AD. The use of the CDT with MCI patients should be interpreted with more caution due to the lower sensitivity and specificity for milder forms of cognitive impairment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assignment of disulphide bridges in Par j 2.0101, a major allergen of Parietaria judaica pollen.

Par j 2.0101, a major allergen of the Parietaria judaica pollen, was expressed in E. coli, purified to homogeneity and fully characterised both at the structural and the functional level. The recombinant rPar j 2.0101 protein showed an allergenic activity in histamine release, skin prick tests and capacity to bind IgE, almost identical to that of the native allergens purified from aqueous pollen extract. The complete pattern of S-S bridges of rPar j 2.0101 was determined by enzymatic digestion with endoproteinase Lys-C followed by mass spectrometric analysis of the resulting peptide mixtures. The eight cysteines occurring in the allergenic protein were found to be paired into the following four disulphides: Cys35-Cys83, Cys45-Cys6O, Cys61-Cys106 and Cys81-Cys121. This structural information probes Par j 2.0101 to attain a 3-D fold consistent with that of the non-specific lipid transfer protein (ns-LTP) family and it represents an effective molecular basis to develop modified antigens by selective site-directed mutagenesis for immunotherapy

Designing peptide nanoparticles for efficient brain delivery

The targeted delivery of therapeutic compounds to the brain is arguably the most significant open problem in drug delivery today. Nanoparticles (NPs) based on peptides and designed using the emerging principles of molecular engineering show enormous promise in overcoming many of the barriers to brain delivery faced by NPs made of more traditional materials. However, shortcomings in our understanding of peptide self-assembly and blood–brain barrier (BBB) transport mechanisms pose significant obstacles to progress in this area. In this review, we discuss recent work in engineering peptide nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutic compounds to the brain, from synthesis, to self-assembly, to in vivo studies, as well as discussing in detail the biological hurdles that a nanoparticle must overcome to reach the brain

Misdiagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease

Fabry disease (FD) is an underdiagnosed pathology due to its symptomatology that overlaps with various systemic and rheumatic disorders, including familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). We examined the Mediterranean fever (MEFV) and α-galactosidase A (GLA) genes, whose mutations are responsible for FMF and FD, respectively, in 42 unrelated patients diagnosed with FMF, which revealed significant ambiguity regarding some of the symptoms which are also present in FD. The objective of this study was to determine the spectrum of mutations present in these genes, in order to identify cases of mistaken diagnosis of FMF and/or missed diagnosis of FD. Ten out of 42 patients had one mutation in homozygosis or two different mutations in heterozygosis in the MEFV gene; 20/42 had a single heterozygous mutation, and 12/42 did not have genetic alterations in MEFV. The analysis of the GLA gene conducted on all the samples revealed that three subjects, and some members of their families, had two different exonic mutations associated with FD. Family studies allowed us to identify eight other cases of FD, bringing the total undiagnosed subjects to 11/53. Analyzing the MEFV and GLA genes in patients with clinical diagnoses of FMF proved to be fundamentally important for the reduction of diagnostic errors

Different aspects of workflow scheduling in large-scale distributed systems

As large-scale distributed systems gain momentum, the scheduling of workflow applications with multiple requirements in such computing platforms has become a crucial area of research. In this paper, we investigate the workflow scheduling problem in large-scale distributed systems, from the Quality of Service (QoS) and data locality perspectives. We present a scheduling approach, considering two models of synchronization for the tasks in a workflow application: (a) communication through the network and (b) communication through temporary files. Specifically, we investigate via simulation the performance of a heterogeneous distributed system, where multiple soft real-time workflow applications arrive dynamically. The applications are scheduled under various tardiness bounds, taking into account the communication cost in the first case study and the I/O cost and data locality in the second.The work presented in this paper has been partially supported by EU, under the COST program Action IC1305, “Network for Sustainable Ultrascale Computing (NESUS)”, and by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain, under the project TIN2013-41350-P, “Scalable Data Management Techniques for High-End Computing Systems”

Electrophoresis of proteins and DNA on horizontal sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels

An inexpensive Plexiglas apparatus which allows a simple and rapid preparation of horizontal polyacrylamide gels of different dimensions for different purposes, is described. Preparation of such gels is as easy and rapid as agarose gel preparation, and polymerized polyacrylamide gels are used to fractionate proteins or small DNA fragments using a common horizontal electrophoretic tank. This apparatus was used to electrophoretically fractionate proteins or DNA for immuno-blot analyses, particularirly in the study of the allergenic response to Parietaria judaica pollen in senescence, for Southern-blot hybridizations and in the study of DNA polymorphisms