The necessity of entanglement and the equivalency of Bell's theorem with the second law of thermodynamics

We demonstrate that both Wigner's form of Bell's inequalities as well as a form of the second law of thermodynamics, as manifest in Carath\'{e}odory's principle, can be derived from the same simple experimental and statistical mechanical assumptions combined with the trivial behavior of integers. This suggests that Bell's theorem is merely a well-disguised statement of the second law. It also suggests that entanglement is necessary for quantum theory to be in full accord with the second law and thus builds on the results of Wiesniak, Vedral, and Brukner \cite{Marcin-Wiesniak:2008fv} who showed it was necessary for consistency with the third law.Comment: Greatly simplified the derivation of the entropic inequality in the third section and added acknowledgements. Note that this is not the version that appears in the FPP-6 proceedings. When possible, please cite this version. 5 pages, 1 table, 1 figur

Eddington & Uncertainty

Sir Arthur Eddington is considered one of the greatest astrophysicist of the twentieth century and yet he gained a stigma when, in the 1930s, he embarked on a quest to develop a unified theory of gravity and quantum mechanics. His attempts ultimately proved fruitless and he was unfortunately partially shunned by some physicists in the latter portion of his career. In addition some historians have been less than kind to him regarding this portion of his work. However, detailed analysis of how this work got started shows that Eddington's theories were not as outlandish as they are often purported to be. His entire theory rested on the use of quantum mechanical methods of uncertainty in the reference frames of relativity. Though the work was ultimately not fruitful, in hindsight it did foreshadow several later results in physics and his methods were definitely rigorous. In addition, his philosophy regarding determinism and uncertainty was actually fairly orthodox for his time. This work begins by looking at Eddington's life and philosophy and uses this as a basis to explore his work with uncertainty.Comment: new version to appear in Physics in Perspective (either Sept. or Dec. issue