TENNIS EPIDEMIOLOGY

INTRODUCTION: Some epidemiological studies (Brizuela, 1996; Ferrandis, 1997; Caine et al., 1996) show that the location, frequency and type of injuries depends on the type of practice. This study was aimed at analyzing the distribution of injuries in body areas, and the dependence of these injuries on the characteristics of the players, footwear and sports surface in tennis. METHODS: A review study was made by means of personal interviews in the courts of 5 tennis clubs in the area of Valencia. A total of 205 questionnaires were compiled, so the maximum sampling error is about 6.9% for a sample size of 4,000 players. In these questionnaires there were personal, technical and epidemiological data, as well as descriptive characteristics of the footwear and surface. It was found that 60% of the injuries were located in the lower limbs, 30% in upper limbs and 10% in the spine. The most often injured anatomical area was the ankle, followed by the wrist, elbow and knee. The extrinsic risk factors detected were the number of weekly hours of practice and the type of surface, while the intrinsic risk factors determined were the type of foot, and in the case of ankle injuries, gender. RESULTS: The greatest number of injuries were located in the lower limbs, ankle injuries being the most frequent. Such injuries depend on the characteristics of the court surface; however, no dependence on footwear characteristics was found, possibly due to the exclusively descriptive data collected. REFERENCES: Brizuela, G. (1996). Aportaciones al diseño de calzado para la práctica del baloncesto: Análisis biomecánico de la influencia del calzado sobre el salto vertical y sobre el rendimiento. Aspectos epidemiológicos. PhD thesis, Valencia. Caine, C.G.; Caine, D.J.; Lindner, K.J. (1996). The epidemiologic approach to sports injuries. Epidemiology of sports injuries. Human Kinetics. Ferrandis, R. (1997). Criterios biomecánicos de diseño del calzado deportivo. Aportaciones al estudio cinético y cinemático del calzado para carrera urbana. PhD thesis, Valencia

Clinical phenotypes of acute heart failure based on signs and symptoms of perfusion and congestion at emergency department presentation and their relationship with patient management and outcomes

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) according to clinical profiles based on congestion and perfusion determined in the emergency department (ED). Methods and results Overall, 11 261 unselected AHF patients from 41 Spanish EDs were classified according to perfusion (normoperfusion = warm; hypoperfusion = cold) and congestion (not = dry; yes = wet). Baseline and decompensation characteristics were recorded as were the main wards to which patients were admitted. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were need for hospitalisation during the index AHF event, in-hospital all-cause mortality, prolonged hospitalisation, 7-day post-discharge ED revisit for AHF and 30-day post-discharge rehospitalisation for AHF. A total of 8558 patients (76.0%) were warm+ wet, 1929 (17.1%) cold+ wet, 675 (6.0%) warm+ dry, and 99 (0.9%) cold+ dry; hypoperfused (cold) patients were more frequently admitted to intensive care units and geriatrics departments, and warm+ wet patients were discharged home without admission. The four phenotypes differed in most of the baseline and decompensation characteristics. The 1-year mortality was 30.8%, and compared to warm+ dry, the adjusted hazard ratios were significantly increased for cold+ wet (1.660; 95% confidence interval 1.400-1.968) and cold+ dry (1.672; 95% confidence interval 1.189-2.351). Hypoperfused (cold) phenotypes also showed higher rates of index episode hospitalisation and in-hospital mortality, while congestive (wet) phenotypes had a higher risk of prolonged hospitalisation but decreased risk of rehospitalisation. No differences were observed among phenotypes in ED revisit risk. Conclusions Bedside clinical evaluation of congestion and perfusion of AHF patients upon ED arrival and classification according to phenotypic profiles proposed by the latest European Society of Cardiology guidelines provide useful complementary information and help to rapidly predict patient outcomes shortly after ED patient arrival

IMPACT FORCES IN SPORT PAVEMENTS MEASURED ACCELEROMETRIC METHOD

It has been documented that repeated impact forces can lead to injury (VOLOSHIN, NIGG, etc ) Although there are different mechanical methods in literature, even in normative (DIN 18032), there are few studies with subjects about the influence of sport pavements In Impact forces May be the great within-subject variability in these experiments is a reason for the scarcity of results The purpose of this study is validate the accelerometric method and to determine the influence of impact forces of two different prototypes of indoor pavements a wooden pavement and a cork pavement We established a concrete pavement like reference surface The two pavements carry out the requirements of vertical ball behaviour in DIN 18032 normative The methodology consist in putting two accelerometers: one on a tibia and another on a head. Six subjects did forty five jumps over the three pavements: fifteen over concrete, fifteen over wood and fifteen over cork. The jump was the 95% of the maximal jump in every subject and the sequence of jumping was randomized to avoid adaptation to the pavement. The signal of accelerometers was amplified and digitized in a personal computer at I KHz sampled frequency. Different parameters were extracted from the acceleration-time curve: forefoot contact. heel contact, a severity index. maximal acceleration and minimal acceleration. The variability within-subject were high: sometimes. the forefoot contact acceleration was higher than heel contact acceleration and sometimes the other way round; but we found very significati1.e levels in maximal accelerations. We did an ANOVA with two factors: pavement, and subject. There are significative levels of 0 0004 for the maximal acceleration of the tibia and 0.0001 for the maximal acceleration of the head. The difference between cork pavement and wooden pavement \vas not significative. The two pavements were significative different of concrete With the values of mean squared residuals obtained and a=O 05 i t is possible to calculate the power of tile F-test. then we can find differences of 0.3 g from the head and 0 S g from the tibia So we can deduce that the differences between the two indoor pavements are lower than 0.2 g from the head and 0 S g from the tibi

The SONATA data format for efficient description of large-scale network models

Increasing availability of comprehensive experimental datasets and of high-performance computing resources are driving rapid growth in scale, complexity, and biological realism of computational models in neuroscience. To support construction and simulation, as well as sharing of such large-scale models, a broadly applicable, flexible, and high-performance data format is necessary. To address this need, we have developed the Scalable Open Network Architecture TemplAte (SONATA) data format. It is designed for memory and computational efficiency and works across multiple platforms. The format represents neuronal circuits and simulation inputs and outputs via standardized files and provides much flexibility for adding new conventions or extensions. SONATA is used in multiple modeling and visualization tools, and we also provide reference Application Programming Interfaces and model examples to catalyze further adoption. SONATA format is free and open for the community to use and build upon with the goal of enabling efficient model building, sharing, and reproducibility