Françoise Héritier & Margarita Xanthakou, eds, Corps et Affects

Le corps et ses affects, sensations, émotions et sentiments, sont proposés ici comme matière pour une analyse structurale renouvelée. « La cognition n’échappe pas à la médiation du corps » (p. 68, Alexandre Surrallés). Le socle corporel de l’activité réflexive humaine se retrouve aussi chez de nombreux animaux. Les opérations logiques sont les mêmes dans toutes les cultures, opposition, comparaison, analogie, classification, métaphore ou métonymie etc. (p. 10). Cette universalité fondait les ..

La fascination du désordre

À propos de : Bertrand Hell, Possession et chamanisme. Les maîtres du désordre. Paris, Flammarion, 1999, 392 p., gloss., fig

La transcendance de la courgette, ou les dieux nécessaires

À propos de : Pascal Boyer, Et l’homme créa les dieux. Comment expliquer la religion. Paris, Robert Laffont, 2001, 361 p., bibl., ph

Roy Willis, Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance. A Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village

Roy Willis, anthropologue à l’Université d’Édimbourg, qui a commencé son travail ethnologique en 1962 chez les Fipa, en Tanzanie, revint en 1996 chez les Lungu voisins, en Zambie, après un premier séjour en 1990 afin de retrouver les traces du culte aux esprits possesseurs (le ngulu des ngulu) qu’on lui avait décrit comme secret et presque disparu. Le présent ouvrage, sous-titré « Voyage à l’intérieur du Moi », se tient au plus près de l’expérience de terrain, mêlant avec bonheur les observat..

La transcendance de la courgette, ou les dieux nécessaires

À propos de : Pascal Boyer, Et l’homme créa les dieux. Comment expliquer la religion. Paris, Robert Laffont, 2001, 361 p., bibl., ph

La transcendance de la courgette, ou les dieux nécessaires

À propos de : Pascal Boyer, Et l’homme créa les dieux. Comment expliquer la religion. Paris, Robert Laffont, 2001, 361 p., bibl., ph

Appréhender le stock de métal monnayé au ive siècle après J.-C.

Parmi les thématiques abordées en numismatique à l’aide de l’archéométrie, les recherches spécifiques sur le stock de métal monnayé au ive siècle s’avèrent fascinantes mais délicates. Afflux de nouvelles ressources métalliques, refontes volontaires de monnaies : tous ces phénomènes sont de grande conséquence pour les monnayages produits dans les différents ateliers de l’Empire romain tardif. Certaines données de ce type sont mesurables. Les alliages métalliques (donc ici monétaires) contiennent en effet des éléments mineurs ou en traces, constituant la « carte d’identité » de l’approvisionnement des ateliers monétaires. Il y a 10 ans Isabelle Bollard et Jean-Noël Barrandon réunissaient plusieurs analyses de monnaies en alliage cuivreux émises au cours du ive siècle. Nos propres observations, obtenues dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche financé par la région Normandie (intitulé FANUM), sur 14 528 monnaies (nummi) de la période constantinienne contenues dans un trésor découvert fortuitement à Saint-Germain-de-Varreville (Manche), nous ont incités à reprendre, de façon plus approfondie, l’étude des alliages utilisés au cours de cette période, en portant notamment notre attention sur les teneurs en or et en argent. En effet, la grande variété des ateliers représentés au sein du trésor favorisait idéalement une telle enquête. Le choix de la fluorescence X portable a permis d’élaborer un protocole d’analyse précis et adapté à un grand nombre de monnaies. L’exploitation de 774 analyses réalisées sur des nummi frappés dans les ateliers occidentaux a permis de compléter les travaux antérieurs, mais également de mettre en évidence l’utilisation de stocks métalliques différents à partir des années 320.Among the thematics studied in numismatics using archeometry, specific research on the stock of metal struck in the 4th century turns out to be fascinating but complex. Influx of new metallic resources, voluntary recasts of coins: these phenomena have great consequences for the coinage produced in all the workshops throughout the late Roman Empire. Some of these data can be measurable. Metallic alloys (coins in this case) contain minor or trace elements that constitute a kind of “identity card” for the supply of monetary workshops. Ten years ago, Isabelle Bollard and Jean-Noël Barrandon collected several analyzes of bronzes struck during the 4th century. Our own observations, obtained within the FANUM project, funded by the Normandy region, on 14 528 coins (nummi) of the Constantinian period, contained in a fortuitously discovered treasure in Saint-Germain-de-Varreville (Manche) have motivated a thorough new study of the alloys used during this period, focusing on the traces of gold and silver. Indeed, the variety of workshops represented in the treasure has encouraged such an inquiry. The choice of portable X-ray fluorescence has enabled to develop a protocol of analysis adapted to a large number of coins. The use of 774 analyzes carried out on nummi struck in the Western workshops has completed previous works, but also enabled to highlight the use of different metal stocks from the 320s

Multidisciplinary investigation on cold seeps with vigorous gas emissions in the Sea of Marmara (MarsiteCruise): Strategy for site detection and sampling and first scientific outcome

MarsiteCruise was undertaken in October/November 2014 in the Sea of Marmara to gain detailed insight into the fate of fluids migrating within the sedimentary column and partially released into the water column. The overall objective of the project was to achieve a more global understanding of cold-seep dynamics in the context of a major active strike-slip fault. Five remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives were performed at selected areas along the North Anatolian Fault and inherited faults. To efficiently detect, select and sample the gas seeps, we applied an original procedure. It combines sequentially (1) the acquisition of ship-borne multibeam acoustic data from the water column prior to each dive to detect gas emission sites and to design the tracks of the ROV dives, (2) in situ and real-time Raman spectroscopy analysis of the gas stream, and (3) onboard determination of molecular and isotopic compositions of the collected gas bubbles. The in situ Raman spectroscopy was used as a decision-making tool to evaluate the need for continuing with the sampling of gases from the discovered seep, or to move to another one. Push cores were gathered to study buried carbonates and pore waters at the surficial sediment, while CTD-Rosette allowed collecting samples to measure dissolved-methane concentration within the water column followed by a comparison with measurements from samples collected with the submersible Nautile during the Marnaut cruise in 2007. Overall, the visited sites were characterized by a wide diversity of seeps. CO2- and oil-rich seeps were found at the westernmost part of the sea in the Tekirdag Basin, while amphipods, anemones and coral populated the sites visited at the easternmost part in the Cinarcik Basin. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates and bacterial mats were widespread on the seafloor at all sites with variable size and distributions. The measured methane concentrations in the water column were up to 377 μmol, and the dissolved pore-water profiles indicated the occurrence of sulfate depleting processes accompanied with carbonate precipitation. The pore-water profiles display evidence of biogeochemical transformations leading to the fast depletion of seawater sulfate within the first 25-cm depth of the sediment. These results show that the North Anatolian Fault and inherited faults are important migration paths for fluids for which a significant part is discharged into the water column, contributing to the increase of methane concentration at the bottom seawater and favoring the development of specific ecosystems

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract: Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors