Nonempirical Calculations on Excited States: The Ethylene Molecule

A series of nonempirical calculations are reported on the excited states of the ethylene molecule using a recent minimum basis set LCAO MO SCF wavefunction. For the lowest excited singlet state of ethylene (^1B_(3u)) the coupling between the π electrons and σ electrons is significant: the excitation energy being decreased from 11.98 to 10.17 eV and the oscillator strength from 1.03 to 0.73. This coupling has little effect on the triplet state. In the next higher approximation (the random‐phase approximation) the excitation energy is further decreased to 9.44 eV and the transition moment to 0.51. With the use of accurate LCAO MO SCF wavefunctions, it is felt that the methods presented here will provide a basis for the theoretical interpretation of electronic spectra

Additive Entropies of degree-q and the Tsallis Entropy

The Tsallis entropy is shown to be an additive entropy of degree-q that information scientists have been using for almost forty years. Neither is it a unique solution to the nonadditive functional equation from which random entropies are derived. Notions of additivity, extensivity and homogeneity are clarified. The relation between mean code lengths in coding theory and various expressions for average entropies is discussed.Comment: 13 page

Introducing the sequential linear programming level-set method for topology optimization

The authors would like to thank Numerical Analysis Group at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for their FORTRAN HSL packages (HSL, a collection of Fortran codes for large-scale scientific computation. See http://www.hsl.rl.ac.uk/). Dr H Alicia Kim acknowledges the support from Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, grant number EP/M002322/1Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Multinational enterprises, development and globalisation: Some clarifications and a research agenda

This paper revisits an earlier contribution (Narula and Dunning 2000) and considers how economic globalisation has changed the nature of the MNE, MNE motivations, the MNE subsidiary and the modalities by which they interact with domestic economic actors. Most developing countries, however, have responded reactively. We discuss how the opportunities and challenges for developing countries in following an MNE-assisted development strategy have changed over the last decade. The growing share of industrial activity owned and controlled by MNEs does not always result in a proportional increase in development effects, because individual MNE establishments have different potential for externalities. Concatenation is important: when stage-inappropriate MNE activities are established, crowding-out or regulatory capture is a likely outcome. We highlight the need for systematically linking MNE and industrial policies, but differently than in the import-substitution era. Attracting the 'rights kind' of MNE activity remains important, but the greater heterogeneity requires more customisation of policy tools. Lastly, we warn of the dangers of underestimating the social and political costs of structural adjustment and rapid institutional change associated with globalization.FDI, spillovers, industrial policy, governments, development, WTO, globalisation, developing countries, liberalisation

Developing countries versus multinationals in a globalising world : the dangers of falling behind

Abstract not availableinternational economics and trade ;