Energetic disorder at the metal/organic semiconductor interface

The physics of organic semiconductors is dominated by the effects of energetic disorder. We show that image forces reduce the electrostatic component of the total energetic disorder near an interface with a metal electrode. Typically, the variance of energetic disorder is dramatically reduced at the first few layers of organic semiconductor molecules adjacent to the metal electrode. Implications for charge injection into organic semiconductors are discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Effective Technology Integration: A Plan for Professional Development

Is educational technology effective in increasing student learning? If technology is an effective tool in the classroom, how can teachers best be trained to use it appropriately? An experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a constructivist math class utilizing computer technology as well as other tools. The study occurred in a Christian school in Northern Kentucky using fifty-one sixth grade students. One class comprised the control group, with math instruction that differed little from the traditional background of the school. The other class was the experimental group, which used the Internet, spread sheets, word processors, and measuring devices to learn in a hands-on environment. Two math units were used in the six-week study. A one-way ANOVA test showed no significant difference in the first unit scores. The one-way ANOVA test of the second unit showed a significant difference in favor of the control group. Despite these results, the researcher was not discouraged, primarily because chi-square tests of a survey given to students in the experimental group overwhelmingly showed positive motivation in math during the study

Effective Technology Integration: A Plan for Professional Development

Is educational technology effective in increasing student learning? If technology is an effective tool in the classroom, how can teachers best be trained to use it appropriately? An experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a constructivist math class utilizing computer technology as well as other tools. The study occurred in a Christian school in Northern Kentucky using fifty-one sixth grade students. One class comprised the control group, with math instruction that differed little from the traditional background of the school. The other class was the experimental group, which used the Internet, spread sheets, word processors, and measuring devices to learn in a hands-on environment. Two math units were used in the six-week study. A one-way ANOVA test showed no significant difference in the first unit scores. The one-way ANOVA test of the second unit showed a significant difference in favor of the control group. Despite these results, the researcher was not discouraged, primarily because chi-square tests of a survey given to students in the experimental group overwhelmingly showed positive motivation in math during the study

INCIDENCE OF \u3ci\u3eGIARDIA\u3c/i\u3e IN BEAVER AND NUTRIA IN SOUTHEAST TEXAS

Beaver (Castor canadensis) have long been associated as carriers of Giardia, a flagellated protozoan parasite that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of its host species. However, very few studies have been conducted on Giardia occurrence in beaver populations of southeastern United States. Nutria (Myocastor coypus) are similar to beavers but have not been researched with regard to Giardia infection and transmission. From October 1992 through September 1993, 100 beaver and 30 nutria were collected from areas throughout southeast Texas as part of wildlife damage management activities. Fecal samples from each individual were examined for the occurrence of Giardia using the Merifluor® immunoassay detection kit. Duodenal mucoid samples were examined for Giardia trophozoites using a trichrome staining method. Results were compared by species, sex, age, habitat, and season. The immunoassay technique indicated that 30.0% of beaver and 66.7% of nutria tested positive for Giardia. Results for the trichrome staining method were similar, with 26.0% of beaver and 66.7% of nutria testing positive. A combination of both methods indicates that 33.0% of beaver and 73.3% of nutria tested positive. No relationship was found between presence of Giarda in nutria by age, habitat, river system, or season. An apparent relationship between infection of nutria and sex was discovered. Only 46.4% of female nutria were infected versus 87.5% of male nutria. No relationship was found between presence of Giardia in beaver by age, sex, habitat, river system, or season

Development of ion implantation techniques for microelectronics

Ion implantation process for fabricating active devices in high bandgap semiconductor materials for high temperature operatio

The Effect of Some Variables on the Numerical Evaluation of Printing Quality

Introduction The desire for specific information concerning those qualities of paper, which tend toward satisfactory results in printing, has become of great interest to papermakers and paper consumers. To the paper mill, this information is important in preventing the production of unsatisfactory printing paper. To the printer, such information enables him to determine unsatisfactory paper before it reaches the presses, and also permits him to tell the papermaker in advance the characteristics that are desired in the paper

Teaching Tip: developing an intercollegiate Twitter forum to aid student exam study and the development of digital professionalism

#VetFinals has been developed as a novel online Twitter teaching event designed to support intercollegiate veterinary teaching using social media. Previous studies in other fields have suggested that Twitter use within universities may have benefits for undergraduate education. This “teaching tip” paper describes a project using Twitter to host online exam study sessions. The project has been a highly successful collaborative effort between the Royal Veterinary College and Nottingham Veterinary School in the UK. Over 4 years, the #VetFinals project has developed into a long-term, self-sustaining enterprise. This initiative provides a semi-structured means for student exam preparation with direct real-time input from a faculty member. It also creates a network of peers both horizontally across institutions and vertically throughout year groups. Based on similar initiatives in other disciplines, an anticipated outcome of this project was to contribute to student online professionalism. This could help address the veterinary community's recently highlighted problems with professional conduct and appropriate use of social media. Analysis of the success of this endeavor will be available in a future publication

Electronic and magnetic properties of some rare-earth dihydrides and dideuterides

Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the electronic and magnetic properties of a number of rare-earth dihydrides and dideuterides. In stoichiometric ErH2 and DyH2, magnetic transitions and crystal field ground states have been established. In non-stoichiometric compounds DyH2+x and (Er)HoH2+x changes of the rare-earth point symmetry due to distributions in hydrogen site occupations are seen. This results in increases in the magnetic transition temperatures and distributions in the magnetic moments