Control químico de arvenses durante la aclimatización de plantas in vitro de caña de azúcar cv. ‘CP52-43’

Control of weeds in the acclimatization phase of in vitro sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) plants is done manually which raises the cost of production. In order to determine the effectiveness of the chemical control of weeds with Dual Gold CE 96 (Mesotrione), in vitro plants of sugar cane cv. 'CP52-43' were acclimatized in worm humus and cachaça compost. Doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 l ha-1 p.c. Dual Gold CE 96 herbicide, were applied before and immediately to in vitro plants transplantation and the results were compared to manual weeding. After 50 days of culture, 15 plants were extracted per treatment and the number of leaves and shoots were quantified, the length was measured and the fresh mass of the aerial part and of the roots were determined. The results showed that Dual Gold CE 96 at doses of 0.5 l ha-1 applied before or after transplant, controls the weeds Portulaca oleracea (L.), Amaranthus sp. (Mart), Sida acuta (Burm. F.) and Eleusine indica (L.), without affecting the growth of sugarcane cv. ‘CP52-43’ plants, compared to manual weeding. Keywords: herbicides, Saccharum, substrate, survivalEl control de arvenses en la fase de aclimatización de plantas in vitro de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) se realiza de forma manual lo que eleva el costo de producción. Con el objetivo de determinar la efectividad del control químico de arvenses con Dual Gold CE 96 (Mesotrione), se aclimatizaron plantas in vitro de caña de azúcar cv. ‘CP52-43’ en humus de lombriz y compost de cachaza. Se emplearon dosis de 0.5, 1.0 y 1.5 l ha-1 p.c. del herbicida Dual Gold CE 96, aplicado antes e inmediato al trasplante de plantas in vitro cuyos resultados se compararon con la escarda manual. A los 50 días de cultivo se extrajeron 15 plantas por tratamiento y se cuantificó el número de hojas e hijos, se midió la longitud y se determinó la masa fresca de la parte aérea y de las raíces. Los resultados demostraron que Dual Gold CE 96 a dosis de 0.5 l ha-1 aplicado antes o después del trasplante, controla las arvenses Portulaca oleracea (L.), Amaranthus sp. (Mart), Sida acuta (Burm. F.) y Eleusine índica (L.), sin afectar el crecimiento de las plantas de caña de azúcar cv. ‘CP52-43’, comparado con la escarda manual. Palabras clave: herbicidas, Saccharum, supervivencia, sustrato

Establecimiento de un banco de plantas madre de caña de azúcar en condiciones semicontroladas para la propagación in vitro

The propagation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Requires seed with physiological and phytosanitary quality. The work was carried out with the objective of establishing a bank of sugarcane mother plants under semi-controlled conditions to guarantee the efficiency of in vitro propagation with plants free of Xanthomonas albilineans. A greenhouse was modified and the structure was remodeled, a Sarán shade mesh (50%) and a sprinkler irrigation system were placed. The plants were grown in plastic containers (20 m3 volume) with a mixture of cachaça compost and zeolite 3:1. Stems of cultivars C98-357, C97-445 and C86-156, without symptoms of leaf scald and with six months of culture, were cut into segments with a bud. Hydrothermal treatment was applied and subsequently the biostimulant VIUSID Agro® (0.8 ml l-1) before the buds planting. At three months of culture, a serological diagnosis was made to detect the presence of X. albilineans. The negative plants were treated with biostimulants and the response of the in vitro establishment was evaluated. Adequate plant growth was achieved under the conditions described. The establishment of a bank of sugarcane mother plants under semi-controlled conditions and its management guaranteed that microbial contamination and phenolic oxidation decreased in the in vitro establishment phase. The effectiveness of the hydrothermal treatment combined with the semi-controlled conditions and the management of the plants make it possible to reduce the incidence of X. albilineans.La propagación de caña de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) requiere de semilla con calidad fisiológica y fitosanitaria. El trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de establecer un banco de plantas madre de caña de azúcar en condiciones semicontroladas para garantizar la eficacia de la propagación in vitro con plantas libres de Xanthomonas albilineans. Se modificó una casa de cultivo y se remodeló la instalación, se colocó malla de sombra Sarán (50%) y un sistema de riego por aspersores. El cultivo de las plantas se realizó en recipientes de plástico (volumen de 20 m3)con una mezcla de compost de cachaza y zeolita 3:1. Tallos sin síntomas de escaldadura foliar y con seis meses de cultivo de los cultivares C98-357, C97-445, y C86-156 se cortaron en segmentos con una yema. Se aplicó tratamiento hidrotérmico y posteriormente el bioestimulante VIUSID Agro® (0.8 ml l-1) antes de la plantación de las yemas. A los tres meses de cultivo se realizó un diagnóstico serológico para detectar la presencia de X. albilineans.  Las plantas negativas se trataron con productos bioestimulantes y se evaluó la respuesta del establecimiento in vitro. En las condiciones descritas se logró el crecimiento adecuado de las plantas. El establecimiento de un banco de plantas madre de caña de azúcar en condiciones semicontroladas y su manejo garantizaron que disminuyera la contaminación microbiana y la oxidación fenólica en la fase de establecimiento in vitro. La efectividad del tratamiento hidrotérmico combinado con las condiciones semicontroladas y el manejo de las plantas permiten disminuir la incidencia de X. albilineans

Effect of Enerplant® biostimulant on ex vitro acclimatization of in vitro propagated sugarcane plants cv. C97-4450

In vitro sugarcane plants (Saccharum spp.) are susceptible to environmental changes in theacclimatization phase, which affects their growth and development. The objective of thiswork was to evaluate the effect of the biostimulant Enerplant® on the survival and growth ofin vitro plants of sugarcane cv. C97-445 inex vitro acclimatization. Three solutions (0.6, 0.8and 1.0 ml l-1) of Enerplant® were evaluated and compared with the biostimulant VIUSID Agro®0.8 ml l-1. Two daily applications were made, the first three days after transplant and thenonce a week. The experiments were carried out in the dry season. The variables evaluatedwere survival at 15 days and morphophysiological at 55 days after transplantation. It wasverified that the application of Enerplant® increases the survival of sugarcanein vitroplantsand improves their growth. Treatment with 0.8 ml l-1 of this biostimulant had the greatest effect onin vitroplant growth underex vitro acclimatization conditions