Medical Treatment of Cystic Echinococcosis

Medical treatment in cystic echinococcosis is limited; albendazole remains the gold treatment for patients with low hydatid cysts or those with inoperable echinococcosis. Due to uncommon side effects, administration may be continuous (cycles of 28 days with a break of 14 days between courses) as well as discontinuous over long periods of time. In recent years, there have been many concerns for the testing of various substances and drugs against Echinococcus granulosus, both in vitro and in vivo, on the animal model, but the results have not been satisfactory. New clinical trials are required, as well as the development of an effective vaccine to limit the spread of echinococcosis in endemic areas

LONG TERM NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE UPON SOIL

The paper presents the results obtained in the SCDA Secuieni long term experimental field. The effect of long term (42 years) nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization upon soil fertility and yield was followed up with 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg N/ha and 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 kg P/ha doses. Long term fertilization led to a statistically significant increase of grain yield. Harvest increased from 5,569 kg/ha in the unfertilized control to 9,805 kg/ha in the N160P160 fertilized variants. Each kilogram of phosphorus brought a 6.78 kg corn grain gain, and for each kilogram of nitrogen a 15.28 kg corn grain increase was obtained. Phosphorus long term fertilization significantly increased the total and mobile soil phosphorus content: from 0.0160% in the unfertilized control to 0.094% in the variants fertilized with 160 kg P/ha, respectively from 8 mg PAL/kg in the unfertilized control to 144 mg PAL/kg in the variants fertilized with 160 kg P/ha, and didn`t significantly change total and mobile potassium level. No significant humus and nitrogen levels modifications occur under the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus long term fertilization

Pain in photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy is a modern treatment with applications in several medical specialties, which has been intensely studied in the last years. The main indications in dermatology are actinic keratosis, superficial basal cell carcinoma and Bowen\u27s disease- common skin disorders in which photodynamic therapy proved its efficacy. At present, the use of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of other skin disorders is profoundly researched. Pain is the most common and redoubtable adverse effect of photodynamic therapy and it is the most important factor affecting the patient\u27s adherence to treatment. The aim of this article is to look over the most recent medical studies regarding pain in PDT, with emphasis on the factors affecting the occurrence of pain and the most recent strategies for controlling photodynamic therapy- related pain