Les grands hôtels, témoins de l'histoire du tourisme : le Royal et Splendid Hôtel à Saint-Gervais-les-Bains (Haute-Savoie)

Buildings offer an operational insight into the way territories are structured and redesigned. In a spatial approach to tourism, grand old hotels reveal a great deal about the establishment and construction of tourist resorts. The apparent unity of a building often conceals a long and complex history, which is worth deciphering.

A wave-based model reduction technique for the description of the dynamic behavior of periodic structures involving arbitrary-shaped substructures and large-sized finite element models

International audienceThe wave finite element (WFE) method is investigated to describe the dynamic behavior of periodic structures like those composed of arbitrary-shaped substruc-tures along a certain straight direction. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of non-academic substructures that are described by means of large-sized finite element (FE) models. A generalized eigenproblem based on the so-called S + S −1 transformation is proposed for accurately computing the wave modes which travel in right and left directions along those periodic structures. Besides, a model reduction technique is proposed which involves partitioning a whole periodic structure into one central structure surrounded by two extra substructures. In doing so, a few wave modes are only required for modeling the central periodic structure. An error indicator is also proposed to determine in an a priori process the number of those wave modes that need to be considered. Their computation hence follows by considering the Lanczos method, which can be achieved in a very fast way. Numerical experiments are carried out to highlight the relevance of the proposed reduction technique. A comprehensive validation of the technique is performed on a 2D periodic structure. Also, its efficiency in terms of CPU time savings is highlighted regarding a 3D periodic structure that exhibits substructures with large-sized FE models

Employee work–life balance and work satisfaction: an empirical study of entrepreneurial career transition and intention across 70 different economies

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine whether dissatisfaction with salaried work and low potential for work–life balance can explain a person's intention to go into business using the entrepreneurial event model from Shapero and Sokol (1982) and whether these factors are more prevalent for women than men. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 36,129 salaried workers from 70 countries from the 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Adult Population Survey is assembled to test the entrepreneurial event model's prediction. Findings: In innovation-driven economies, job satisfaction and work–life balance in the current occupation decrease the likelihood of having the intention to start a business for a salaried person. The impact of work–life balance on the intention to start a business in the same for men and women. Research limitations/implications: In innovation-driven economies, organizations relying on employees with strong entrepreneurial potential to innovate and develop markets should also take into consideration job satisfaction and work–life balance factors to keep them engaged in entrepreneurial activities. A longitudinal analysis of the impact of institutional, economic and cultural factors associated with job satisfaction and work–life balance would be needed to identify the causal impacts. Originality/value: Findings suggest that displacement factors related to the entrepreneurial event model (Shapero and Sokol, 1982) are relevant to study career transition from salaried work to entrepreneurship, and vice-versa. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited

A superfluid He3 detector for direct dark matter search

MACHe3 (MAtrix of Cells of superfluid He3) is a project of a new detector for direct Dark Matter Search. The idea is to use superfluid He3 as a sensitive medium. The existing device, the superfluid He3 cell, will be briefly introduced. Then a description of the MACHe3 project will be presented, in particular the background rejection and the neutralino event rate that may be achieved with such a device.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter (York, UK, 09/18/2000-09/22/2000

A project of a new detector for direct Dark Matter search: MACHe3

MACHe3 (MAtrix of Cells of superfluid He3) is a project of a new detector for direct Dark Matter (DM) search. A cell of superfluid He3 has been developed and the idea of using a large number of such cells in a high granularity detector is proposed.This contribution presents, after a brief description of the superfluid He3 cell, the simulation of the response of different matrix configurations allowing to define an optimum design as a function of the number of cells and the volume of each cell. The exclusion plot and the predicted interaction cross-section for the neutralino as a photino are presented.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of Dark Matter 2000 (Marina Del Rey, Los Angeles, USA, 02/23/2000-02/25/2000

Alkaline phosphatase activity and regulation in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity (APA) was measured at several stations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre in July 2008, and in a series of nutrient addition experiments: nitrate plus ammonium (+N) or phosphate (+P), to study APA regulation and to evaluate the capacity of picoplankton organisms (i.e., in the 0.2–2‐µm size range) to access the AP‐hydrolyzable fraction of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). The data indicated a primary limitation of the biomass by nitrogen. Both total (measured with a soluble DOP analog) and cell‐specific (measured with the enzyme‐labeled fluorescence [ELF] phosphate cell labeling method) APA were enhanced in the +N samples and reduced in the +P samples, suggesting that DOP is an important resource for picoplankton nutrition. Cell‐free APA represented > 65% of the APA in all samples, but its contribution to total APA significantly decreased in the +N treatment as microbial biomass increased. In the +N treatment, < 5% and up to 96% of the cells in the heterotrophic bacteria‐enriched and picophytoplankton‐enriched fractions, espectively, were ELF‐alcohol‐labeled after 5 d. Following N enrichment, the microbial assemblage shifted from cell‐free phosphatase dominated under N limitation and P stress (i.e., physiological response) to picophytoplankton‐based phosphatase dominated under P limitation (i.e., production or growth rate limitation). If, as predicted, the ocean evolves towards P limitation, DOP availability would become of major importance to sustain productivity

A 2D wave finite element-based superelement formulation for acoustic analysis of cavities of arbitrary shapes

International audienceA substructuring technique is proposed which enables fast computation of the acoustic response of arbitrary-shaped 2D cavities subject to different kinds of excitations. It combines rectangular superelements which are modeled by means of the wave finite element (WFE) method, and arbitrary-shaped superelements modeled using component mode synthesis (CMS). Within the WFE framework, the so-called receptance matrices of rectangular superelements — which link the pressure vectors to the acoustic force vectors over the boundaries — can be derived in an efficient way in terms of wave modes, without the need of explicitly condensing the internal degrees of freedom of the systems. A model reduction strategy is proposed which aims at expressing the receptance matrices with a few wave modes only. The proposed strategy involves enclosing each rectangular superelement in a finite element (FE) layer with a small width. In this way, smoothed pressure fields are likely to occur over the WFE superelements, hence enabling these superelements to be described with a few wave modes only. By considering those WFE-based rectangular superelements surrounded by FE layers, this yields the so-called hybrid WFE/FE superelements whose dynamic stiffness matrices can be computed in a very fast way. Modeling a whole arbitrary-shaped acoustic cavity follows from conventional assembly procedure between hybrid WFE/FE superelements, CMS superelements and other FE components. Numerical experiments are carried out to highlight the relevance of the proposed substructuring technique

Copepods promote bacterial community changes in surrounding seawater through farming and nutrient enrichment

Bacteria living in the oligotrophic open ocean have various ways to survive under the pressure of nutrient limitation. Copepods, an abundant portion of the mesozooplankton, release nutrients through excretion and sloppy feeding that can support growth of surrounding bacteria. We conducted incubation experiments in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre to investigate the response of bacterial communities in the presence of copepods. Bacterial community composition and abundance measurements indicate that copepods have the potential to influence the microbial communities surrounding and associating with them – their ‘zoosphere’, in two ways. First, copepods may attract and support the growth of copiotrophic bacteria including representatives of Vibrionaceae, Oceanospirillales and Rhodobacteraceae in waters surrounding them. Second, copepods appear to grow specific groups of bacteria in or on the copepod body, particularly Flavobacteriaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae, effectively ‘farming’ them and subsequently releasing them. These distinct mechanisms provide a new view into how copepods may shape microbial communities in the open ocean. Microbial processes in the copepod zoosphere may influence estimates of oceanic bacterial biomass and in part control bacterial community composition and distribution in seawater

Maintaining cooperation and diversity in the mycorrhizal symbiosis

Straalen, N.M. van [Promotor]Vandenkoornhuyse, P. [Promotor]Kiers, E.T. [Copromotor