9 research outputs found
Analyse des instruments des politiques de la biodiversité : le cas de Natura 2000 en milieu littoral et marin
Taking the Natura 2000 sites on the French coastal area as a case study, this work aims at strengthening the understanding of the practices in terms of local biodiversity conservation measures, analysed through the concept of public policy instruments : what are the instruments that are chosen, during both the planning and implementation phases? What are the factors influencing these choices? Our work combines two approaches. First, a quantitative analysis allows us to describe the measures that are provided in 113 management documents (Docobs) of coastal Natura 2000 sites. Through a method to select and average binomial logistic models, we identify contextual factors that influence the choice of instruments of action. Second, a qualitative analysis focuses on the coastal Natura 2000 sites in Brittany and paves the way to a better understanding of the implementation of the different instruments available for the management of the sites. Our results tend to show that the choices of instruments of action on each site are parts of the adjustments allowing the integration of the policy into a formal and informal institutional local context. In particular, the regulatory instrument seems to play a significant role in the implementation of this policy, but this role is sensitive to the local context of the site, especially the political context. We emphasize the association of some instruments to different types of ecosystems. Our results lead to question the autonomous nature of the Natura 2000 policy for the marine area. Our results also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the different instruments of action in the implementation phase, especially with regards to the associated transaction costs. In the face of the constraints that we identify, we stress the importance of the operational complementarity of voluntary and regulatory instruments, of the commitment of local authorities and of the leading role of the Natura 2000 site managers.Avec pour cas dâĂ©tude les sites Natura 2000 du littoral français, cette thĂšse cherche Ă amĂ©liorer la comprĂ©hension des pratiques en matiĂšre de mesures locales de conservation de la biodiversitĂ©, analysĂ©es au travers du concept dâinstruments dâaction publique : quels sont les instruments choisis, Ă la fois dans la phase de planification et de mise en oeuvre ? Quels sont les facteurs influençant ces choix ? Une premiĂšre analyse, quantitative, permet de dĂ©crire les mesures prĂ©vues dans 113 documents de gestion (Docob) de sites Natura 2000 littoraux. Une mĂ©thode de sĂ©lection et de moyenne de modĂšles logistiques binomiaux permet dâidentifier les facteurs de contexte orientant les choix des instruments dâaction. Une seconde analyse, qualitative, recentrĂ©e sur les sites Natura 2000 du littoral breton, permet dâapprĂ©hender les modalitĂ©s de mise en oeuvre des diffĂ©rents instruments disponibles dans la gestion des sites. Nos rĂ©sultats tendent Ă montrer que le choix des instruments dâaction sur chaque site fait partie des ajustements permettant lâintĂ©gration de la politique au sein dâun contexte institutionnel local, formel et informel. En particulier, lâinstrument rĂ©glementaire semble garder une place non nĂ©gligeable dans la mise en oeuvre de cette politique, mais cette place est sensible au contexte local, notamment politique. Les instruments propres Ă certains grands types de milieux sont mis en avant. Nos rĂ©sultats viennent questionner le caractĂšre autonome de la politique Natura 2000 en mer. Ils permettent Ă©galement dâĂ©clairer les forces et les faiblesses des diffĂ©rents instruments dâactions dans la phase de mise en oeuvre, notamment au regard des coĂ»ts de transaction quâils gĂ©nĂšrent. Face aux difficultĂ©s identifiĂ©es, lâimportance de la complĂ©mentaritĂ© opĂ©rationnelle des instruments dâessences volontaire et obligatoire, de lâimplication des collectivitĂ©s territoriales et de la mobilisation des animateurs Natura 2000 prĂ©sents sur chaque site, est soulignĂ©e
An analysis of the instruments of biodiversity policies : the case of Natura 2000 on coastal and marine areas
Avec pour cas dâĂ©tude les sites Natura 2000 du littoral français, cette thĂšse cherche Ă amĂ©liorer la comprĂ©hension des pratiques en matiĂšre de mesures locales de conservation de la biodiversitĂ©, analysĂ©es au travers du concept dâinstruments dâaction publique : quels sont les instruments choisis, Ă la fois dans la phase de planification et de mise en oeuvre ? Quels sont les facteurs influençant ces choix ? Une premiĂšre analyse, quantitative, permet de dĂ©crire les mesures prĂ©vues dans 113 documents de gestion (Docob) de sites Natura 2000 littoraux. Une mĂ©thode de sĂ©lection et de moyenne de modĂšles logistiques binomiaux permet dâidentifier les facteurs de contexte orientant les choix des instruments dâaction. Une seconde analyse, qualitative, recentrĂ©e sur les sites Natura 2000 du littoral breton, permet dâapprĂ©hender les modalitĂ©s de mise en oeuvre des diffĂ©rents instruments disponibles dans la gestion des sites. Nos rĂ©sultats tendent Ă montrer que le choix des instruments dâaction sur chaque site fait partie des ajustements permettant lâintĂ©gration de la politique au sein dâun contexte institutionnel local, formel et informel. En particulier, lâinstrument rĂ©glementaire semble garder une place non nĂ©gligeable dans la mise en oeuvre de cette politique, mais cette place est sensible au contexte local, notamment politique. Les instruments propres Ă certains grands types de milieux sont mis en avant. Nos rĂ©sultats viennent questionner le caractĂšre autonome de la politique Natura 2000 en mer. Ils permettent Ă©galement dâĂ©clairer les forces et les faiblesses des diffĂ©rents instruments dâactions dans la phase de mise en oeuvre, notamment au regard des coĂ»ts de transaction quâils gĂ©nĂšrent. Face aux difficultĂ©s identifiĂ©es, lâimportance de la complĂ©mentaritĂ© opĂ©rationnelle des instruments dâessences volontaire et obligatoire, de lâimplication des collectivitĂ©s territoriales et de la mobilisation des animateurs Natura 2000 prĂ©sents sur chaque site, est soulignĂ©e.Taking the Natura 2000 sites on the French coastal area as a case study, this work aims at strengthening the understanding of the practices in terms of local biodiversity conservation measures, analysed through the concept of public policy instruments : what are the instruments that are chosen, during both the planning and implementation phases? What are the factors influencing these choices? Our work combines two approaches. First, a quantitative analysis allows us to describe the measures that are provided in 113 management documents (Docobs) of coastal Natura 2000 sites. Through a method to select and average binomial logistic models, we identify contextual factors that influence the choice of instruments of action. Second, a qualitative analysis focuses on the coastal Natura 2000 sites in Brittany and paves the way to a better understanding of the implementation of the different instruments available for the management of the sites. Our results tend to show that the choices of instruments of action on each site are parts of the adjustments allowing the integration of the policy into a formal and informal institutional local context. In particular, the regulatory instrument seems to play a significant role in the implementation of this policy, but this role is sensitive to the local context of the site, especially the political context. We emphasize the association of some instruments to different types of ecosystems. Our results lead to question the autonomous nature of the Natura 2000 policy for the marine area. Our results also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the different instruments of action in the implementation phase, especially with regards to the associated transaction costs. In the face of the constraints that we identify, we stress the importance of the operational complementarity of voluntary and regulatory instruments, of the commitment of local authorities and of the leading role of the Natura 2000 site managers
An analysis of the instruments of biodiversity policies : the case of Natura 2000 on coastal and marine areas
Avec pour cas dâĂ©tude les sites Natura 2000 du littoral français, cette thĂšse cherche Ă amĂ©liorer la comprĂ©hension des pratiques en matiĂšre de mesures locales de conservation de la biodiversitĂ©, analysĂ©es au travers du concept dâinstruments dâaction publique : quels sont les instruments choisis, Ă la fois dans la phase de planification et de mise en oeuvre ? Quels sont les facteurs influençant ces choix ? Une premiĂšre analyse, quantitative, permet de dĂ©crire les mesures prĂ©vues dans 113 documents de gestion (Docob) de sites Natura 2000 littoraux. Une mĂ©thode de sĂ©lection et de moyenne de modĂšles logistiques binomiaux permet dâidentifier les facteurs de contexte orientant les choix des instruments dâaction. Une seconde analyse, qualitative, recentrĂ©e sur les sites Natura 2000 du littoral breton, permet dâapprĂ©hender les modalitĂ©s de mise en oeuvre des diffĂ©rents instruments disponibles dans la gestion des sites. Nos rĂ©sultats tendent Ă montrer que le choix des instruments dâaction sur chaque site fait partie des ajustements permettant lâintĂ©gration de la politique au sein dâun contexte institutionnel local, formel et informel. En particulier, lâinstrument rĂ©glementaire semble garder une place non nĂ©gligeable dans la mise en oeuvre de cette politique, mais cette place est sensible au contexte local, notamment politique. Les instruments propres Ă certains grands types de milieux sont mis en avant. Nos rĂ©sultats viennent questionner le caractĂšre autonome de la politique Natura 2000 en mer. Ils permettent Ă©galement dâĂ©clairer les forces et les faiblesses des diffĂ©rents instruments dâactions dans la phase de mise en oeuvre, notamment au regard des coĂ»ts de transaction quâils gĂ©nĂšrent. Face aux difficultĂ©s identifiĂ©es, lâimportance de la complĂ©mentaritĂ© opĂ©rationnelle des instruments dâessences volontaire et obligatoire, de lâimplication des collectivitĂ©s territoriales et de la mobilisation des animateurs Natura 2000 prĂ©sents sur chaque site, est soulignĂ©e.Taking the Natura 2000 sites on the French coastal area as a case study, this work aims at strengthening the understanding of the practices in terms of local biodiversity conservation measures, analysed through the concept of public policy instruments : what are the instruments that are chosen, during both the planning and implementation phases? What are the factors influencing these choices? Our work combines two approaches. First, a quantitative analysis allows us to describe the measures that are provided in 113 management documents (Docobs) of coastal Natura 2000 sites. Through a method to select and average binomial logistic models, we identify contextual factors that influence the choice of instruments of action. Second, a qualitative analysis focuses on the coastal Natura 2000 sites in Brittany and paves the way to a better understanding of the implementation of the different instruments available for the management of the sites. Our results tend to show that the choices of instruments of action on each site are parts of the adjustments allowing the integration of the policy into a formal and informal institutional local context. In particular, the regulatory instrument seems to play a significant role in the implementation of this policy, but this role is sensitive to the local context of the site, especially the political context. We emphasize the association of some instruments to different types of ecosystems. Our results lead to question the autonomous nature of the Natura 2000 policy for the marine area. Our results also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the different instruments of action in the implementation phase, especially with regards to the associated transaction costs. In the face of the constraints that we identify, we stress the importance of the operational complementarity of voluntary and regulatory instruments, of the commitment of local authorities and of the leading role of the Natura 2000 site managers
Quels antihypertenseurs chez la femme en ùge de procréer et chez la femme enceinte ? Suivi des prescriptions en Midi-Pyrénées en 2007
BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Is the choice of conservation measures influenced by the targeted natural habitats? The case of French coastal Natura 2000 sites
International audienceNatura 2000 (N2K) is a European network of protected areas that has grown out of the implementation of the Birds Directive (1979) and the Habitats Directive (1992). To date, the literature focussing on âconservation measuresâ required by the directives has been scarce. This article contributes to a better understanding of associated practices with regard to these measures in the case of France.We put forward a quantitative approach based on 1378 âaction-sheetsâ randomly extracted from 113 management documents of French Natura 2000 coastal sites. These action-sheets are considered to be the physical embodiment of the notion of the conservation measure itself. The analysis concentrates on the âtypeâ of the proposed measures, expressed in terms of a 9-category public policy instrument typology.In terms of frequency of quotation, we show the specific expected importance of three instruments: the work of Natura 2000 project managers, ecological/civil engineering, and data production. Awareness-raising is the main expected means to the end of countering harmful practices and detrimental behaviours.We then propose an exploratory analysis of contextual variables explaining the choice of the type of measure, with an AIC-based procedure of model selection and averaging. The interest of this approach is exemplified by a focus on five explanatory variables reflecting the kind of natural habitats concerned by the measures.Our results show the specificity of instruments associated with coastal habitats. In particular, whereas coastal terrestrial habitats are statistically managed by physical measures (physical regulation and engineering), methods for managing coastal marine habitats are geared towards, on the one hand, awareness raising and participatory approaches, and on the other, regulatory approaches and an integration of Natura 2000 objectives into exogenous institutional frameworks.The results we obtained shed light on the limits and prospects of the implementation of the Natura 2000 program in the marine environment
Hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: What Still Needs to Be Known About the Kinetics
International audienceDifferent dosage regimens of hydroxychloroquine are used to manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, without information on the pharmacokinetics in this population. Blood samples (nâ
=â
101) were collected from 57 COVID-19 patients for 7 days, and concentrations were compared with simulated kinetic profiles. Hydroxychloroquine exposure is low and cannot be predicted by other populations
"MigraciĂłn y tortura en la Argentina contemporĂĄnea"
The article aims to reflect about the linkage between migration and torture in recent Argentinian history. It assumes as workâs hypothesis that this link is inseparable from the characteristics that racism acquires as a system within the framework of the configuration of the neoliberal economy and from the political history of Argentina. The analysis is organized around three historical periods: the first begins with the 1976 coup, the second with the December 2001 crisis and the third with the 2015 presidential elections.Fil: Carpinetti, Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rafaela.; Argentin