Progetto e diritto perfetto

In his Il rovescio del diritto, Francesco Galgano, a master of civil law, played with the term “diritto” (law, right), pointing out that it was the only noun whose opposite does not exist. It is not an Italian peculiarity, because Recht, right, droit do not accept opposites as well and it is a serious matter. The law, in fact, as a complex of commands and norms whose disregard is punished, does not allow a “counter-right”. It is ontological substance: if the rules are serious, it is not given an opposite, negative substance. The right “is” in itself, and the rules can be respected or violated but the “non-norm” or the contrary of the norm cannot exist. It is true that law does not have the monopoly of rules (there are also more intimately strong rules, such as ethical and faith-based, and impassable rules, such as those of physics), yet it is true that it is the only one who has the power to make black out of white, unjust out of the just, false out of the true and when it does so, it contains within itself the contradiction and makes it its own. It is the right to be, when it wants, itself and the opposite of itself

Le società a partecipazione pubblica tra efficienza e responsabilità

Il contributo analizza il regime delle società a partecipazione pubblica, soffermandosi in particolare sul rapporto tra efficienza e responsabilit

Maritime piracy worldwide

Maritime piracy is a complex phenomenon that, according to the definition used, comprises different criminal behaviours (e.g., theft, robbery, kidnapping), modus operandi (e.g., massive armed attacks, insiders, use of skiffs and mother ships) and targets (e.g., the goods carried on the ship, the belongings of the crew, the ship itself). These features may change over time and over space. Looking at the evolution and peculiarities of this phenomenon in different areas can help to identify regularities and implement more effective countermeasures. In recent years, Transcrime has been active in promoting the idea that actual reductions of complex crime phenomena can be reached through specific prevention strategies. This approach relies on accurate analyses of the available data to identify regular patterns and risk factors. This study summarises some of the findings that emerged from the research Transcrime conducted on maritime piracy, using a comparative approach

Measuring OC in Latin America. A methodology for developing and validating scores and composite indicators for measuring OC at national and subnational level.

The aim of this working paper is to develop and test a methodology for measuring Organized Crime in selected countries of the Latin American region. This study is one of the first systematic attempts to obtain reliable and comparable measurements of OC presence and threats in that region. The outcomes will provide a more comprehensive view on how to measure and analyze OC today in Latin America, taking the regional specificities of the phenomenon into account. Moreover, creating a valid measurement of OC has important policy implications, since valid indicators may improve the effectiveness of government and enforcement action

The theft of medicines from Italian hospitals

In recent years, the theft of medicines from Italian hospitals has emerged as a booming criminal phenomenon. This issue represents a serious threat to people’s health, the national budget, companies’ revenues and legal competition. However, studies concerning theft of medicines are lacking, as most research focuses only on the counterfeiting of medicines. In 2014 Transcrime published the first systematic and scientific attempt to analyse the theft of medicine from Italian hospitals. This essay summarises and provides updates on the results of that study

The theft of medicines in the EU. Key results of the MEDI-THEFT project about the current status of the theft of medicines in the EU and the most relevant and common criminals’ modi operandi.

This report is an extract from the deliverable D2.1 of the project MEDITHEFT. This report aims at providing an update on the current status of theft of medicines and medical devices in the EU including: (a) the identification and analysis of the main criminal schemes adopted by criminals to steal and re-sell pharmaceutical products (b) an analysis of the regulatory framework across EU Member State

Estimating the counterfeit markets in Europe

Counterfeiting is a global phenomenon that threatens the economic stability and sustainable growth of countries. A growing number of researchers, stakeholders, and public or private institutions have been producing a wide variety of studies and estimates on counterfeit markets. However, these studies are varied in scope and sometimes based on unclear methodologies. This prevents comparisons across time and space. In recent decades, Transcrime has contributed to the development of transparent and rigorous methodologies for the analysis of illegal activities. This study presents an update of the approach used by Transcrime to estimate the size of the various counterfeit markets at EU level. It starts with a brief review of what is known about counterfeiting in the EU (i.e. routes, products, consumers and previous studies). It then proposes new estimates of the expenditures for ten different counterfeit markets in the 28 EU Member States using a demand-size approach. Finally, it discusses policy and research implications

Forecasting Organized Crime Homicides: Risk Terrain Modeling of Camorra Violence in Naples, Italy

Mafia homicides are usually committed for retaliation, economic profit, or rivalry among groups. The variety of possible reasons suggests the inefficacy of a preventive approach. However, like most violent crimes, mafia homicides concentrate in space due to place-specific social and environmental features. Starting from the existing literature, this study applies the Risk Terrain Modeling approach to forecast the Camorra homicides in Naples, Italy. This approach is based on the identification and evaluation of the underlying risk factors able to affect the risk of a homicide. This information is then used to predict the most likely location of future events. The findings of this study demonstrate that past homicides, drug dealing, confiscated assets, and rivalries among groups make it possible to predict up to 85% of 2012 mafia homicides, identifying 11% of city areas at highest risk. By contrast, variables controlling for the socio-economic conditions of areas are not significantly related to the risk of homicide. Moreover, this study shows that, even in a restricted space, the same risk factors may combine in different ways, giving rise to areas of equal risk but requiring targeted remedies. These results provide an effective basis for short- and long-term targeted policing strategies against organized crime- and gang-related violence. A similar approach may also provide practitioners, policy makers, and local administrators in other countries with significant support in understanding and counteracting also other forms of violent behavior by gangs or organized crime groups

Le Gang Giovanili in Italia

Questo studio nasce dalla collaborazione fra il centro di ricerca interuniversitario sulla criminalità transnazionale Transcrime dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna e Università degli Studi di Perugia, il Servizio Analisi Criminale del Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza del Ministero dell’Interno e il Dipartimento per la Giustizia Minorile e di Comunità del Ministero della Giustizia, con particolare riferimento agli Uffici di Servizio Sociale per i Minorenni. Il rapporto inizia con la definizione di gang giovanile utilizzata in questa ricerca e le modalità con le quali è stata condotta la raccolta delle informazioni. In seguito, fornisce una panoramica dei risultati ottenuti e una descrizione dei vari tipi di gang giovanili individuati con dei brevi approfondimenti su alcuni casi rilevanti. Sono infine riassunte delle riflessioni sui potenziali fattori alla base di questo fenomeno e alcune proposte di intervento per la sua prevenzione e contrasto