Dosimetric investigations of cosmic radiation aboard the Kosmos-936 AES (joint Soviet-American experiment K-206)

The Soviet and American parts of the experiment are described separately. Particular attention was given to the following problems: placement of the detectors; study of neutron radiation within the biosatellite; and studies of fragmentation of heavy nuclei on accelerators. Unified methods were developed for the calibration of Soviet and American detectors

Materials of the final reports on the joint Soviet-American experiment on the Kosmos-936 biosatellite

Biological experiments onboard the Kosmos-936 investigated the effect of weightlessness on the basic components of cells, the genetic structure and energy apparatus. Genetic studies were made on the Drosophila melanogaster. Experiments were made on higher vegetation and fungi as well. The results indicate that weightlessness cannot be the principal barrier for normal development. An experiment with ectopic osteogenesis in weightlessness was carried out. Measurements were made of cosmic radiation inside and outside the biosatellite

Synthesis and reactivity of 5-polyfluoroalkyl-5-deazaalloxazines

Reaction of 6-arylamino-1,3-dialkyluracils with anhydrides of polyfluorocarboxylic acids in the presence of pyridine and subsequent cyclization with concentrated H2SO4 gave the corresponding 1,3-dialkyl-5-(polyfluoroalkyl)pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (5-polyfluoroalkyl-5-deazaalloxazines). The reactivity of these compounds towards nucleophilic reagents, such as sodium cyanoborohydride, acetophenone, nitromethane, potassium cyanide, indole and p-thiocresol, as well as Suzuki and Sonogashira couplings are described. The nucleophilic addition takes place at the 5-position of the 5-deazaalloxazine system and is in many cases irreversible to give 5,10-dihydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives in good to excellent yields.© 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Recyclization in the series of spiro[indole-3,5′-pyrimido[4,5-b] quinoline]-2,2′,4′-triones prepared by a three-component reaction of isatins with (thio)barbituric acids and electron-rich anilines

A ring-ring transformation in the series of spiro[indole-3,5′- pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline]-2,2′,4′-trione derivatives prepared by a three-component reaction of (thio)barbituric acids, electron-rich aromatic amines, and isatins was observed. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart - New York

Comparative analysis of numerical methods used for thermal modeling of spent nuclear fuel dry storage systems

Management of spent nuclear fuel is a very important part in the whole cycle of nuclear energy generation. Usually “dry” storage technology in casks is selected for the interim storage of spent nuclear fuel for up to 50 years after pre-storage time in water pools. In this paper, two case studies were carried out to highlight the differences and similarities between Ukraine and Lithuania in spent nuclear fuel storage.Управління відпрацьованим ядерним паливом є дуже важливою частиною всього циклу виробництва ядерної енергії. Зазвичай технологія «сухого» зберігання в контейнерах вибирається для тимчасового зберігання відпрацьованого ядерного палива протягом до 50 років після часу попереднього зберігання у водних басейнах. У цій статті були проведені два тематичних дослідження, щоб підкреслити відмінності і подібності між Україною та Литвою в області зберігання відпрацьованого ядерного палива.Управление отработанным ядерным топливом является очень важной частью всего цикла производства ядерной энергии. Обычно технология «сухого» хранения в контейнерах выбирается для временного хранения отработанного ядерного топлива в течение до 50 лет после времени предварительного хранения в водных бассейнах. В этой статье были проведены два тематических исследования, чтобы подчеркнуть различия и сходства между Украиной и Литвой в области хранения отработавшего ядерного топлива

The Case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Abt-Letterer-Siwe Disease) in Twin Girls

Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease is a form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and occurs in 2–10 cases per 1 million of the child population per year. The Russian and foreign literature provide descriptions of this disease in children of different ages. Family cases of this pathology are described in a small number. The chapter presents a rare clinical observation of the Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease in twin girls

Oxidation of Reduced Sulfur Species: Carbon Disulfide

Article on the oxidation of reduced sulfur species and carbon disulfide

Atmospheric electrification in dusty, reactive gases in the solar system and beyond

Detailed observations of the solar system planets reveal a wide variety of local atmospheric conditions. Astronomical observations have revealed a variety of extrasolar planets none of which resembles any of the solar system planets in full. Instead, the most massive amongst the extrasolar planets, the gas giants, appear very similar to the class of (young) Brown Dwarfs which are amongst the oldest objects in the universe. Despite of this diversity, solar system planets, extrasolar planets and Brown Dwarfs have broadly similar global temperatures between 300K and 2500K. In consequence, clouds of different chemical species form in their atmospheres. While the details of these clouds differ, the fundamental physical processes are the same. Further to this, all these objects were observed to produce radio and X-ray emission. While both kinds of radiation are well studied on Earth and to a lesser extent on the solar system planets, the occurrence of emission that potentially originate from accelerated electrons on Brown Dwarfs, extrasolar planets and protoplanetary disks is not well understood yet. This paper offers an interdisciplinary view on electrification processes and their feedback on their hosting environment in meteorology, volcanology, planetology and research on extrasolar planets and planet formation