Transformational leadership of physical education instructors and university students' satisfaction with online classes

This study examined the relationship between the transformational leadership of PE instructors and students' satisfaction in an online PE class. In particular, it aimed to investigate whether the PE instructors' transformational leadership behaviors could predict students' satisfaction toward the class, their PE teacher, and their health and fitness. Furthermore, this study explored these relationships in male and female students. A total of 448 university students (male = 228; female = 220) between the ages of 18 and 22 participated in the study. The results revealed a positive relationship between the transformational leadership behaviors of PE instructors and students' satisfaction with online PE classes. Moreover, male and female students' satisfaction with the teaching of their PE instructor, feelings of fun and enjoyment, and perception of improved health and fitness in their online PE classes varied greatly as they perceived specific behaviors of transformational leadership from their PE instructors. These findings demonstrate that PE instructors play an important role as (online) classroom leaders in enhancing students' satisfaction with online learning. Therefore, PE instructors should be mindful to demonstrate transformational leadership to improve their effectiveness when conducting online classes

Persistence and viable but non-culturable state induced by streptomycin in Erwinia amylovora

Persister cell and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state of bacteria are survival strategies against antibiotics and various environmental stresses, respectively, but they tend to be ignored in agriculture fields, even though bacteria can regain their abilities to survive and produce disease once those stresses disappear. This study was carried out to determine whether persister cell and VBNC state in Erwinia amylovora are present after exposures to streptomycin, the length of their persistence, and the steps needed to decrease the inoculum. Persister cells were observed using biphasic killed growth curve for 4–8 h when the late stationary phase cells of E. amylovora were cultured in liquid medium containing streptomycin. This state was maintained for up to 12 h based on the colony forming units (CFUs) of the colonies that grew on the mannitol glutamate yeast extract (MGY) medium after streptomycin was removed. The CFUs on the MGY medium were lower than the total count determined using the LIVE/DEAD Kit, suggesting that persister cells and VBNC state might co-exist for up to 12 h after exposure to streptomycin. However, after 12 h, E. amylovora cells did not continue to grow on the medium for 9 days, suggesting that they entered a VBNC state at that time and remained in a persistent state. In addition, based on the Redox Sensor Green staining method, the presence of both states was confirmed for up to 12 h, and only then did the VBNC state became apparent. Furthermore, persister cells were observed for up to 24 h, and damaged cells reduced when E. amylovora cells were culture in distilled water with streptomycin, indicating that the uptake of lower nutrients in E. amylovora led to prolonged persister cells and VBNC state, which are more likely to survive after streptomycin treatments. The addition of sucrose and oxytetracycline to distilled water containing streptomycin reduced persister cells than other sources did. Thus, to inhibit the spread of fire blight, management techniques must consider the hazards of using streptomycin treatments that induce dormancy, such as persister cells and VBNC state, beyond the development of resistant strain

S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and gingival crevicular fluid for screening established periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

Background Periodontitis is one of major oral diseases, which has no consensus on early screening tool. This study aimed to compare the association and screening ability of S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for periodontitis status. Methods We recruited 149 community Korean adults, 50 no or initial periodontitis (NIPERIO) and 99 established periodontitis (PERIO). Using clinical attachment loss and a panoramic radiograph, stage II–IV of new classification of periodontitis proposed at 2018 was considered cases as PERIO. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to quantify S100A8 and S100A9. T-test, analysis of covariance, Mann–Whitney test and correlation analysis were applied to compare the relationship of S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood, and GCF for periodontitis. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied for screening ability. Results Among S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and GCF, S100A8 in saliva was significantly higher in PERIO than in NIPERIO (p < 0.05). However, S100A8 and S100A9 in GCF were higher in NIPERIO (p < 0.05). The screening ability of salivary S100A8 was 75% for PERIO, while that of GCF S100A8 was 74% for NIPERIO. Salivary S100A8 was positively correlated to blood S100A8 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Salivary S100A8 could be a potential diagnostic marker for established periodontitis and be useful for screening established periodontitis.This research was supported by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT, Korea (NRF-2017M3A9B6062986). The funder had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscrip

Gender modified association of oral health indicators with oral health-related quality of life among Korean elders

To evaluate the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and oral health indicators including dental status, total occlusion force (TOF), number of natural and rehabilitated teeth (NRT), number of natural teeth (NT), and to explore the effect modification on the association by gender among Korean elders. A total of 675 participants aged 65 or above recruited by a cluster-based stratified random sampling were included in this cross-sectional study. The 14-items Korean version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) was used to measure OHRQoL. The responses about OHIP were dichotomized by the cut-off point of 'fairly often' to determine the poor versus fair OHRQoL. Age, gender, education level, alcohol drinking, smoking, metabolic syndrome, frailty, and periodontitis were considered as confounders. Multiple multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the adjusted association between oral health indicators and OHRQoL. Gender stratified analysis was also applied to explore the effect modification of the association. The prevalence of poor OHRQoL was 43.0%, which was higher in women, less-educated elders, alcohol non-drinkers and frailty elders (p < 0.05). Elders with poor OHRQoL also showed lower values of oral health indicators than elders with fair OHRQoL (p < 0.05). Those with NRT ≤ 24, NT ≤ 14, and TOF < 330N increased the risk of poor OHRQoL by 2.3 times (OR = 2.26, confidence interval [CI] 1.54–3.31), 1.5 times (OR = 1.45, CI 1.02–2.07), and 1.5 times (OR = 1.47, CI 1.06–2.04), respectively. In women, the association of NRT ≤ 24 with poor OHRQoL increased from OR of 2.3 to OR of 2.4, while, in men, the association of TOF < 330N with poor OHRQoL increased from OR of 1.5 to OR of 3.2. Oral health indicators consisting of TOF, NRT, and NT were independently associated with poor OHRQoL among Korean elders. Gender modified the association of TOF and NRT. Preventive and/or curative management for keeping natural teeth and the rehabilitation of missing teeth to recover the occlusal force may be essential for reducing poor OHRQoL

Gender and age group modified association of dental health indicators with total occlusal force among Korean elders

Background This study aimed to investigate the distribution of objective total occlusal force (TOF) and its association with dental health indicators: dental status, number of natural teeth (NT), natural and rehabilitated teeth, natural posterior teeth (NT-Post), and natural and rehabilitated posterior teeth among Korean elders after controlling for various confounders encompassing socio-demographic factors, behavioral factors and health/oral health factors. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 551 elders from the Sungbook-Gu health education cohort. TOF was measured using Prescale II as an outcome variable. Dental health indicators assessed by dentists were the main explanatory variables. Analysis of covariance and multivariable linear regression models were applied to evaluate the adjusted association of dental health indicators with TOF. Gender and age group stratified analyses were also applied. Result TOF was higher in dentate elders than denture wearers in males and younger elders. The adjusted mean of TOF and standard error was 464.24 ± 17.15 N for dentate elders, 297.15 ± 28.85 N for partial denture wearers, 280.42 ± 47.71 N for complete denture wearers. Among all dental health indicators, NT-Post showed the highest association with TOF (partial r = 0.330, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.15), followed by NT (partial r = 0.329, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.16). Older elders highlighted the association of NT (partial r = 0.37, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.18). Males decreased the association of NT (partial r = 0.30, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.20) and NT-Post (partial r = 0.29, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.20). Conclusion TOF was significantly associated with dental health indicators, and its association was modified by sex and age group.This study had fnancial support through HDK from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Ministry of Science and ICT, Korea (NRF2017M3A9B6062986) and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Preven‑tion (2018P330400) that did not do anything for the submitted work

Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Lymphoma of the Lung Showing Mosaic Pattern of Inhomogeneous Attenuation on Thin-section CT: A Case Report

The authors present a case of histologically proven bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma of the lung in a patient with primary Sjögren's syndrome that manifested on thin-section CT scan as a mosaic pattern of inhomogeneous attenuation due to mixed small airway and infiltrative abnormalitie