Who nominates the board? - Implications on board diversity and turnover

This thesis assesses whether the type of nomination poses implications on board diversity in terms of age, gender, nationality and education, as well as turnover on a Finnish and Swedish data. The existing research on director selection and especially nomination committees is rather limited, and thus the research aims at contributing to the topic. The reviewed time period concerns 2008 to 2012, and altogether 55 Finnish and 55 Swedish public companies are included in the study, thus resulting in a sample size of 550 for diversity and 440 for turnover analyses. In 48 of these firms the board is nominated by the board or its subcommittee, and in the remaining 62 by a shareholders' nomination committee. The selected firms represent a variety of industries and sizes. The diversity and turnover data was mainly collected from the companies' annual reports, and financial figures from the Orbis database. Statistical methods were employed to assess the relationships between the variables. The results suggest that the nomination method has a significant effect on total board diversity, where shareholder nominated boards are more likely to possess higher degrees of diversity. Likewise, evidence was found that having a shareholder nominated board contributed to a higher likelihood of diversification regarding age, gender and nationality, but not education. Despite of these results, board size was still a stronger indicator of diversity. In addition, ownership concentration was linked to an increased likelihood of educational diversity, and lower national diversity. On the contrary, no support was found regarding nomination type's influence on board turnover. Commonly employed explanatory factors, such as company performance, CEO change as well as board size, on the other hand, displayed expected association with turnover. Subtle indications regarding the contribution of ownership dispersion, presence of over 65 year old directors as well as majority shareholder change on turnover were further detected

Heterogeneity of sponastrime dysplasia: Delineation of a variant form with severe mental retardation

peer reviewedWe report a child with short stature, osteopenia with metaphyseal striations and severe mental retardation. This child shows radiological and clinical features of SPONASTRIME dysplasia. Only three sibships with this disorder have been reported. In two families, affected patients were of normal intelligence. In the third one, as well as our case, the dysplasia was complicated by severe mental retardation of unknown origin. The severity of the retardation in our case and a previous report, and some difference in the gestalt and radiological aspects, suggest that SPONASTRIME dysplasia is a heterogeneous disorder. We provisionally propose to split SPONASTRIME dysplasia in two phenotypically distinct subgroups, and to delineate here a 'new' variant with microcephaly and severe mental impairment

Ree Fractionation Between Scheelite and Apatite in Hydrothermal Conditions

The geochemical analysis of hydrothermal apatite and scheelite pairs from various types of W ore deposits (skarns, disseminated scheelite, and quartz veins) provides an insight into REE partitioning between the two minerals. Among the 18 analyzed pairs, only five appear to have grown in equilibrium conditions. Ten other pairs show more or less important departures from equilibrium. The remaining apatite and scheelite pairs have quite different REE patterns, indicating crystallization from different fluids. Both minerals concentrate REE. The relative behavior of HREE and LREE is quite similar in the two minerals. Scheelite is only slightly more enriched in HREE relative to LREE than apatite, with K(ap-sch)La-Yb = 0.86 +/- 0.22. Beside these regularities, some dispersion in the lanthanide content ratios of apatite and scheelite, ranging from 0.6 to 5, may be related to fluid composition. The behavior of Eu can be related to redox conditions, which appear to be more oxidizing in vein associations than in skarn environments. Determination of REE in coexisting scheelite and apatite seems an efficient tool for identification of successive ore-bearing fluids

Preschool visual screening: the original Belgian approach

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Sponastrime dysplasia with mental retardation: A distinct entity

peer reviewe

Guidelines for recognition and treatment of the psychoses associated with epilepsy.

Epilepsy and psychiatric diseases are frequent comorbidities. Psychoses in patients with epilepsy have special physiopathology and several clinical presentations and prognoses. Their treatments are also specific, according to the specific diagnosis. This paper represents the summary of a consensus meeting held in November 2003 by a Belgian French-speaking group of neurologists, neuropediatricians and psychiatrists and proposes guidelines for the recognition and treatment of those entities

Guidelines for recognition and treatment of the psychoses associated with epilepsy.

Epilepsy and psychiatric diseases are frequent comorbidities. Psychoses in patients with epilepsy have special physiopathology and several clinical presentations and prognoses. Their treatments are also specific, according to the specific diagnosis. This paper represents the summary of a consensus meeting held in November 2003 by a Belgian French-speaking group of neurologists, neuropediatricians and psychiatrists and proposes guidelines for the recognition and treatment of those entities