Magnetic Field Amplification in Galaxy Clusters and its Simulation

We review the present theoretical and numerical understanding of magnetic field amplification in cosmic large-scale structure, on length scales of galaxy clusters and beyond. Structure formation drives compression and turbulence, which amplify tiny magnetic seed fields to the microGauss values that are observed in the intracluster medium. This process is intimately connected to the properties of turbulence and the microphysics of the intra-cluster medium. Additional roles are played by merger induced shocks that sweep through the intra-cluster medium and motions induced by sloshing cool cores. The accurate simulation of magnetic field amplification in clusters still poses a serious challenge for simulations of cosmological structure formation. We review the current literature on cosmological simulations that include magnetic fields and outline theoretical as well as numerical challenges.Comment: 60 pages, 19 Figure

Alterações nas reservas de sementes de Dalbergia nigra ((Vell.) Fr. All. ex Benth.) durante a hidratação

Seed imbibitions is the first stage of the germination process and is characterized by the hydration of tissues and cells and the activation and/or induction of the enzymes responsible for mobilizing reserves for respiration and the construction of new cell structures. The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations in reserve substances during slow hydration of Bahia Rosewood (Dalbergia nigra) seeds in water. Seeds from two different lots (Lot I and II) were placed in saturated desiccators (95-99% RH) to hydrate at 15 and 25 °C until water contents of 10, 15, 20 and 25% were reached. At each level of hydration, changes in lipid reserves, soluble carbohydrates, starch and soluble proteins were evaluated. The mobilization of reserves was similarly assessed in both lots, with no differences being observed between the two hydration temperatures. Lipid contents showed little variation during hydration, while the contents of soluble carbohydrates and starch decreased after the 15% water content level. Soluble proteins showed a gradual tendency to decrease between the control (dry seeds) up to 25% water content

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Grammatica, lessico e dimensioni di variazione nella LIS

I contributi raccolti in questo volume illustrano la ricerca più recente sulla lingua dei segni italiana e si soffermano in particolare su alcuni aspetti grammaticali e lessicali soggetti a variazione. Vengono presentate anche le motivazioni, il percorso e le scelte metodologiche che hanno portato alla creazione del Corpus LIS, un corpus di filmati che documentano le produzioni di 165 segnanti provenienti da 10 città (Torino, Milano, Brescia, Bologna, Firenze, Roma, Salerno, Bari, Catanzaro, Ragusa) e che è rappresentativo delle varietà di LIS utilizzate nel territorio nazionale. I risultati delle prime indagini effettuate sul Corpus LIS rivelano i tratti, talvolta sorprendenti, del processo di standardizzazione in atto. Sono discusse anche alcune situazioni particolari di uso della LIS: quando si modifica per adattarsi alla situazione di sordocecità dei segnanti, quando è parlata da bilingui udenti, e quando è il risultato di una traduzione. Il volume si rivolge non solo a assistenti alla comunicazione, studenti e interpreti di LIS, ma anche a studenti e specialisti di linguistica e di altre lingue, che vogliano comparare le lingue vocali con una lingua segnata. Per i sordi segnanti si tratta di uno strumento per riflettere sulla propria lingua, un aspetto importante della propria cultura