Adaptive NN State-Feedback Control for Stochastic High-Order Nonlinear Systems with Time-Varying Control Direction and Delays

Nussbaum-type gain function and neural network (NN) approximation approaches are extended to investigate the adaptive statefeedback stabilization problem for a class of stochastic high-order nonlinear time-delay systems. The distinct features of this paper are listed as follows. Firstly, the power order condition is completely removed; the restrictions on system nonlinearities and time-varying control direction are greatly weakened. Then, based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and dynamic surface control technique, an adaptive NN controller is constructed to render the closed-loop system semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). Finally, a simulation example is shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme

Adaptive Stabilization of Stochastic Nonlinear Systems Disturbed by Unknown Time Delay and Covariance Noise

This paper considers a more general stochastic nonlinear time-delay system driven by unknown covariance noise and investigates its adaptive state-feedback control problem. As a remarkable feature, the growth assumptions imposed on delay-dependent nonlinear terms are removed. Then, with the help of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and adaptive backstepping technique, an adaptive state-feedback controller is constructed by overcoming the negative effects brought by unknown time delay and covariance noise. Based on the designed controller, the closed-loop system can be guaranteed to be globally asymptotically stable (GAS) in probability. Finally, a simulation example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme

SARS-CoV Infection in a Restaurant from Palm Civet

Contact with food animals was associated with SARS-CoV infection in the People’s Republic of China

Porcine FcγRIIb Mediates Enhancement of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Infection

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of virus infection caused by the uptake of virus-antibody complexes by FcγRs is a significant obstacle to the development of effective vaccines to control certain human and animal viral diseases. The activation FcγRs, including FcγRI and FcγRIIa have been shown to mediate ADE infection of virus. In the present paper, we showed that pocine FcγRIIb, an inhibitory FcγR, mediates ADE of PRRSV infection. Stable Marc-145 cell lines expressing poFcγRIIb (Marc-poFcγRII) were established. The relative yield of progeny virus was significantly increased in the presence of sub-neutralization anti-PRRSV antibody. The Fab fragment and normal porcine sera had no effect. Anti-poFcγRII antibody inhibited the enhancement of infection when cells were infected in the presence of anti-PRRSV antibody, but not when cells were infected in the absence of antibody. These results indicate that enhancement of infection in these cells by anti-PRRSV virus antibody is FcγRII-mediated. Identification of the inhibitory FcγR mediating ADE infection should expand our understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis for a broad range of infectious diseases and may open many approaches for improvements to the treatment and prevention of such diseases

Defining the causes of sporadic Parkinson's disease in the global Parkinson's genetics program (GP2)

The Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) will genotype over 150,000 participants from around the world, and integrate genetic and clinical data for use in large-scale analyses to dramatically expand our understanding of the genetic architecture of PD. This report details the workflow for cohort integration into the complex arm of GP2, and together with our outline of the monogenic hub in a companion paper, provides a generalizable blueprint for establishing large scale collaborative research consortia

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of Parkinson?s disease

Although over 90 independent risk variants have been identified for Parkinson’s disease using genome-wide association studies, most studies have been performed in just one population at a time. Here we performed a large-scale multi-ancestry meta-analysis of Parkinson’s disease with 49,049 cases, 18,785 proxy cases and 2,458,063 controls including individuals of European, East Asian, Latin American and African ancestry. In a meta-analysis, we identified 78 independent genome-wide significant loci, including 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300 and PPP6R2) and fine-mapped 6 putative causal variants at 6 known PD loci. By combining our results with publicly available eQTL data, we identified 25 putative risk genes in these novel loci whose expression is associated with PD risk. This work lays the groundwork for future efforts aimed at identifying PD loci in non-European populations

Function first or form first—a comparison of two design methods for undergraduate basic course

Talking about form and function in the architecture, two major traditions in design are always inevitable. They are two methods of architectural design: the first one is used by Beaux-Art system which takes form and order as the core; the second one is of Bauhuas system which focuses on function. Architecture is closely related to the interior, so are there also two design methods in the field of interior design? Through analysis of interior design textbooks in different academies, it was found that most existing design methods are based on function. Function-based design methods have a series of operable standard methods for function, but also have the problem of high level of functional logic and low level of formal logic. Does interior design also have a design approach starting from form and order and unifying function logic and formal logic? By transplanting the “kit-of-parts approach” in architectural design into interior design, applying the two design methods in undergraduate course of environmental design and comparing the two course design results, it was verified in this paper which design method is easier to balance form and function in basic design course

Thin layers of microwave absorbing metamaterials with carbon fibers and FeSi alloy ribbons to enhance the absorption properties

In order to break through the bottleneck of narrow effective absorption bandwidth (reflection loss RL ≤ −10 dB) of microwave absorbing materials, herein, we fabricate the metamaterials with carbon fiber (CF) and FeSi alloy (FSA) ribbon metastructure which is distributed in the carbonyl iron powders (CIP)/polyurethane (PU) matrix. The experimental results show that the microwave absorption capacity of the matrix can be significantly enhanced by CF. Compared with the pure matrix, the effective absorption bandwidth increases from 9.4–13.44 GHz to 11–16.8 GHz when the CF is parallel to the electric field vector and the spacing between adjacent CF is 20 mm. Furthermore, the CF and FSA ribbons are arranged in the matrix as an orthogonal arrangement, and the best absorption bandwidth cover 9.76–14.46 GHz when the electric field is parallel and 9.96–14.1GHz when the electric field is vertical when the spacing is 30 mm. The electromagnetic simulation of the metamaterials is calculated, it is proved that the increase of effective absorption bandwidth is due to the strengthening of carbon fiber and its coupling with FSA ribbon. This paper provides a new research path for improving the absorption properties of thin layer microwave absorbing materials

The singularity of the partially coherent beam in biological tissue

The singularity of the partially coherent beam propagating in biological tissue has been demonstrated, mainly including the properties of the normalized intensity distribution and phase evolution. It is shown that as the propagation distance increases, the evolution of the normalized intensity distribution undergoes several different stages, as well as the transformation of phase singularities takes place. Especially, the effect of the topological charge, the radial index, beam wave length and spatial coherence length on the beam singularity is analyzed, respectively