Cortical Thickness Reduction of Normal Appearing Cortex in Patients with Polymicrogyria

OBJECTIVE To examine cortical thickness and volumetric changes in the cortex of patients with polymicrogyria, using an automated image analysis algorithm. METHODS Cortical thickness of patients with polymicrogyria was measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cortical surface-based analysis and compared with age-and sex-matched healthy subjects. We studied 3 patients with disorder of cortical development (DCD), classified as polymicrogyria, and 15 controls. Two experienced neuroradiologists performed a conventional visual assessment of the MRIs. The same data were analyzed using an automated algorithm for tissue segmentation and classification. Group and individual average maps of cortical thickness differences were produced by cortical surface-based statistical analysis. RESULTS Patients with polymicrogyria showed increased thickness of the cortex in the same areas identified as abnormal by radiologists. We also identified a reduction in the volume and thickness of cortex within additional areas of apparently normal cortex relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that there may be regions of reduced cortical thickness, which appear normal from radiological analysis, in the cortex of patients with polymicrogyria. This finding suggests that alterations in neuronal migration may have an impact in the cortical formation of the cortical areas that are visually normal. These areas are associated or occur concurrently with polymicrogyria

Consumo alcoólico entre universitários(as) da área da saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande/RS: subsídios para enfermagem Consumo alcohólico entre universitarios(as) del área de la salud de la Universidade Federal do Rio Grande/RS: subsidios para enfermería Alcohol consumption among university students in the health area of Federal University of Rio Grande/RS: subsidy to the nursing

Objetivou-se conhecer os fatores associados e as consequências do uso de bebidas alcoólicas entre universitários da área de saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande/RS. A amostra foi composta por 351 estudantes do primeiro e do penúltimo anos de cada curso. Aplicou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o AUDIT na coleta de dados. Na análise utilizaram-se testes estatísticos. Verificou-se que 202 (57,5%) estudantes bebiam habitualmente; desses, 196 (97,0%) tinham familiares usuários(as) de álcool. Segundo o AUDIT os estudantes foram classificados em baixo risco, 147 (41,8%), e de uso problemático, 49 (14,0%). Como consequências detectaram-se apagões, coma alcoólico e acidentes automobilísticos. Constatou-se que 171(48,7%) estudantes não utilizaram preservativo nas últimas relações sexuais e 37 (10,5%) tiveram três a dez parceiros (as) nos últimos 12 meses. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de implementação de estratégias de cunho preventivo no âmbito universitário, para detectar precocemente o potencial para uso abusivo, bem como oportunidade de tratamento aos(às) que fazem uso problemático do álcool.<br>El objetivo fue conocer los factores asociados y las consecuencias del consumo de alcohol entre los estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud de la Universidade Federal do Rio Grande/RS. La muestra fue compuesta de la participación de 351 estudiantes del primer y penúltimo año de cada curso. Se ha aplicado un cuestionario socio-demográfico y el AUDIT en la recopilación de datos. En el análisis se utilizó pruebas estadísticas. Se ha encontrado que 202 (57,5%) estudiantes por lo general bebían, de eses, 196 (97,0%) tenían familiares usuarios(as) de alcohol. Según el AUDIT, la clasificación de 147 (41,8%) estudiantes fue de bajo riesgo y 49 (14,0%) de consumo problemático. Como consecuencias, fueron detectados los apagones, el coma alcohólico y los accidentes de tráfico. Se ha comprobado que 171 (48,7%) estudiantes no usaron un condón durante las últimas relaciones sexuales y 37 (10,5%) tuvieron entre tres y 10 parejas en los últimos 12 meses. Se ha evidenciado la necesidad de implementar estrategias de cuño preventivo en el ámbito universitario, para detectar de forma temprana el potencial de abuso, así como la oportunidad de tratamiento a los(las) que hacen uso problemático del alcohol.<br>It aimed to know the facts and consequences linked to alcoholic drinks among university students, in the health area at Federal University of Rio Grande/RS. The sample consisted of 351 students of the first and last year of each course. A sociodemografic questionnaire was applied and AUDIT was used in data collection. For the analyses, they were used statistical tests. It was verified that 202 (57, 5%) students would usually drink alcohol, from these, 196 (97, 0%) belonged to families where there were alcohol users. According to AUDIT, the students were sorted out in low risk 147 (41,8%) and problematic use 49 (14,0%). As consequences, were detected blackouts, alcoholic coma and car accidents. It was clear that 171 (48,7%) students did not use condom in their last sexual intercourses and 37 (10,5%) had from three to 10 sexual partners in the last 12 months. It urges the need to implement strategies of preventive nature in the university environment, so as to detect as early as possible the potential abusive use, as well as the opportunity for treatment to those who make problematic use of alcohol

Guidelines for the Management of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Ctr Referencia Erros Inatos Metab, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Discipline Otorrinolaringol Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Campinas, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Ciencias Saude Alagoas, Maceio, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Fac Med, Dept Propedeut Complementar, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, Discipline Med & Biol Sono, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estacio Sa, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilAPAE, Triagem Neonatal, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Bioquim ICBS, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Serv Genet Med, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Reabilitacao, Med Lab Rede Sarah, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilFundacao Hosp Estado Minas Gerais, Ctr Geral Pediat, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilHosp Restauracao Pernambuco, Serv Hepatol Infantil, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Fac Med, Dept Oftalmol, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Setor Mucopolissacaridose, Serv Genet Med, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Evangel Londrina Parana, Serv Hematol, Londrina, BrazilClin Doencas Metab Dr Ricardo Pires, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Socor, Serv Ortopedia Pediat, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Ctr Pesquisas, Lab Terapia Genica, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina Disturbios Comunicacao Humana, Dept Fonoaudiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Ctr Referencia Erros Inatos Metab, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Discipline Otorrinolaringol Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, Discipline Med & Biol Sono, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina Disturbios Comunicacao Humana, Dept Fonoaudiol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc