Attempted Identification of Causal Constituents of Pink Discolouration in White Wines

The pinking phenomenon has been known in the wine world for the past 50 years. The phenomenonoccurs when a white wine turns pink under certain conditions. Since then, a Portuguese study foundmalvidin-3-O-glucoside in Siria grapes making a connection to anthocyanin as the causing agent. Control(K), naturally pinked (NP) and pink induced (PI) Sauvignon blanc wine samples were analysed by LCMSand WineScanTM (Fourier Transform Infrared – FTIR) after Solid Phase Extraction. The monomericanthocyanins were analysed by a pH differential method, and CieLab was used to differentiate colourdifferences between the control and pinked samples. It was found that malvidin-3-O-glucoside was belowthe threshold values to facilitate pinking in Sauvignon blanc wines. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside showed aslight peak in the LC-MS analysis, and together with the malvidin-3-O-glucoside, the potential to pinkthe white wines increased. FTIR results showed that phenols and anthocyanins absorption could not bedistinguished and that there were possibly other compounds involved in the pinking of white wines. Analysisby CieLab expressed the PI wines as a darker pink colour than the control wine and the absorbency valueat 500 nm was at least three times higher for PI than the control, showing the aggressive oxidative natureof H2O2 on wine

Sensory Evaluation of Pinked Sauvignon Blanc Wines

Sensorial studies on pinked white wines have never been carried out. The aim of this study was to establishthe probability of an aroma and taste difference in pinked Sauvignon blanc wines using a triangular test.The issue of at which point a wine consumer can perceived the wine as pink was analysed using a rankingexperiment. The probability that a wine taster can detect oxidised and pink wines as a wine fault was alsoanalysed. It was found that the panellists could not detect anomaly samples by taste and aroma alone,although some noticed an oxidised aroma on the nose. The pink detection point was established at 0.03 AU.This point can be used to refine the detection point and the assay used. It was established that more than50% of the panellists could detect oxidised and pink wines as a wine fault. The study data can be used toeither train panellists to detect pinking as a wine fault, or to establish a potential new category for pinkSauvignon blanc wines

ARIA 2016: Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (1) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (2) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma a

Philosophy and the university

The contemporary scene reflects a close interdependence between philosophy and some of the special sciences. In these areas of interpenetration both philosophers and researchers from other fields should have an appreciation of what set of problems is focal to each and which problems they have in common. However, history has shown this conjunctive relationship at times to have been very strained, often posing a threat especially to the philosophers, some of whom believed that philosophy had become the handmaiden of the sciences. The analysis in this lecture, however, shows that philosophy has its own unique character and makes its own unique character and makes its own, important contribution to human thinking and human knowledge. It also shows that philosophy has a distinct inter-disciplinary nature and that the relationship between philosophy and the special sciences can be very meaningful and fruitful. Finally certain options or criteria are offered for the acceptable and successful presentation of philosophy at the university. The axioms underlying my viewpoint are that philosophy has a conceptual nature and its results are controversial. Although it poses general questions, the philosophers need to know something about the other sciences and there is no one correct method of research. There should be room for a practical philosophy, philosophers seek a measure of certainty, philosophy is concerned with world views. Philosophy has an educational function, it is imbedded in history, it is committed to precision, clarity and consistency. Philosophy is critical, it is grounded in the life-world and also directs itself to transcendental questions.p. 19-27: Publikasies van die Universiteit van Pretoria (Nuwe Reeks) -- p. 28: Imprint.http://explore.up.ac.za/record=b111900

Pretoriana, no. 029, April 1959

Libertas, die premierswoning in Pretoria -- Dr Gerard Moerdyk, in memoriam en dr. Nicol se huldebetoon -- 'n Dringende oproep aan alle lede van die Genootskap Oud-Pretoria -- An urgent appeal to all members of the Association Old Pretoria -- Genootskap Oud-Pretoria jaarverslag 1958 -- Association Old Pretoria annual report 1958 -- A short history of the Transvaal Museum / V. FitzSimons -- 'n Geskiedkundige "circulaire" van dr. N. Mansvelt -- Toespraak by geleentheid van die oorhandiging van die wisselskild / W.C.R. Bohmer -- Partcipiation by our English medium schools in the annual school gardens competition / L.J. van den Berg -- Die opvoedkundige doelstellings van die skooltuin / A.P. Cronjé -- Uit die briewe van Arnold Theiler IV / F.J. du T. Spies -- Someone had blundered / A.M. Dave

Applying GIS in physical activity research: Community ‘walkability’ and walking behaviors

Physical activity provides many health benefits, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, Type II diabetes and some cancers. Environmental exposure factors (e.g., the built environment) are now receiving ever-increasing attention. Large-scale interdisciplinary studies on the association between attributes of local community environments and residents’ physical activity are being conducted. We will focus on findings from Australia - the Physical Activity in Localities and Community Environments (PLACE) study. PLACE is examining factors that may influence the prevalence and the social and spatial distribution of walking for transport and walking for recreation. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling strategy was used to select 32 urban communities (154 census collection districts), classified as high and low ‘walkable’ using a GIS-based walkability index (dwelling density, intersection density, net retail area and land use mix) and matched for socio-economic status. We report data on a sub-sample of 1,216 residents who provided information on the perceived attributes of their community environments (e.g., dwelling density, access to services, street connectivity) and weekly minutes of walking for transport and for recreation. Moderate to strong associations were found between GIS indicators of walkability and the corresponding self-report measures. The walkability index explained the same amount of neighborhood-level variance in walking for transport as did the complete set of self-report measures. No significant associations were found with walking for recreation. Relevant GIS-based indices of walkability, for purposes other than transport need to be developed