Revealing the Political Decision Toward Chinese Carbon Abatement: Based on Equity and Efficiency Criteria

China\u27s economic reform over the past 30 years has allowed the free market to drive economic development. However, government still plays a key role in the energy sector by allocating energy conservation and emissions abatement. How does the government make an equity decision as a tradeoff to market efficiency? This is an unanswered question. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the government\u27s preference toward equity and efficiency. Using the provincial level CO2 intensity allocation data, we investigate the political decision that the government made based on the equity and efficiency criteria. We find that the equity index plays a more important role than the efficiency index in determining the CO2 intensity target. In addition, political factors such as social stability are found to be important factors

Regional allocation of carbon dioxide abatement in China

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2011.06.00

Water Resources Carrying Capacity Forecast of Jining Based on Non-Linear Dynamics Model

AbstractIn order to alleviate the problem of water resources shortage of Jining City, make reasonable use of water resources,and improve the water resources capacity of Jining City, the methods of the water resources capacity are researched.The system dynamics method is choosed to forecast the Water Resources Carrying Capacity (WRCC) of Jining City in the next 20 years. Three plans are taken, and the predicted results are analyzed. It has a certain significance to practice

Functional Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease Susceptibility Gene PRKAG2 by Comprehensively Bioinformatics Analysis

The genetic predisposition to chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been widely evaluated especially using the genome-wide association studies, which highlighted some novel genetic susceptibility variants in many genes, and estimated glomerular filtration rate to diagnose and stage CKD. Of these variants, rs7805747 in PRKAG2 was identified to be significantly associated with both serum creatinine and CKD with genome wide significance level. Until now, the potential mechanism by which rs7805747 affects CKD risk is still unclear. Here, we performed a functional analysis of rs7805747 variant using multiple bioinformatics software and databases. Using RegulomeDB and HaploReg (version 4.1), rs7805747 was predicated to locate in enhancer histone marks (Liver, Duodenum Mucosa, Fetal Intestine Large, Fetal Intestine Small, and Right Ventricle tissues). Using GWAS analysis in PhenoScanner, we showed that rs7805747 is not only associated with CKD, but also is significantly associated with other diseases or phenotypes. Using metabolite analysis in PhenoScanner, rs7805747 is identified to be significantly associated with not only the serum creatinine, but also with other 16 metabolites. Using eQTL analysis in PhenoScanner, rs7805747 is identified to be significantly associated with gene expression in multiple human tissues and multiple genes including PRKAG2. The gene expression analysis of PRKAG2 using 53 tissues from GTEx RNA-Seq of 8555 samples (570 donors) in GTEx showed that PRKAG2 had the highest median expression in Heart-Atrial Appendage. Using the gene expression profiles in human CKD, we further identified different expression of PRKAG2 gene in CKD cases compared with control samples. In summary, our findings provide new insight into the underlying susceptibility of PRKAG2 gene to CKD

Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children during winter 2021–2022 in Bengbu, China

ObjectiveThis study aimed to study the molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection from hospitalized children with ARTI in Bengbu.MethodsOne hundred twenty-four nasopharyngeal swab specimens and clinical data from children with ARTI cases were collected in Bengbu, China, during winter 2021–2022. The samples were detected by qPCR of 13 respiratory viruses. Phylogenetic analysis was constructed using MEGA 7.0. All analyses were performed using SAS software, version 9.4.ResultsIn winter 2021–2022, URTI, NSCAP, SCAP, and bronchiolitis accounted for 41.03%, 27.35%, 17.09%, and 14.53% of hospitalized children in Bengbu, China. The detection rates of the top three were RSV (41.94%), ADV (5.65%), and FluB (5.65%) in hospitalized children through 13 virus detection. RSV is the main pathogen of hospitalized children under 2 years old. Forty-eight sequences of G protein of RSV were obtained through PCR amplification, including RSV-A 37 strains and RSV-B 11 strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all RSV-A and RSV-B were ON1 and BA9 genotypes, respectively. ON1 genotypes were further divided into two clades. The majority of ON1 strains formed a unique genetic clade with T113I, V131D, N178 G, and H258Q mutations. Furthermore, RSV infection was an independent risk factor for ventilator use (OR = 9.55, 95% CI 1.87–48.64).ConclusionThere was a high incidence of RSV among hospitalized children during winter 2021–2022 in Bengbu with ON1 and BA9 being the dominant strains. This study demonstrated the molecular epidemiological characteristics of RSV in children with respiratory infections in Bengbu, China

Markedly enhanced absorption and direct radiative forcing of black carbon under polluted urban environments

Black carbon (BC) exerts profound impacts on air quality and climate because of its high absorption cross-section over a broad range of electromagnetic spectra, but the current results on absorption enhancement of BC particles during atmospheric aging remain conflicting. Here, we quantified the aging and variation in the optical properties of BC particles under ambient conditions in Beijing, China, and Houston, United States, using a novel environmental chamber approach. BC aging exhibits two distinct stages, i.e., initial transformation from a fractal to spherical morphology with little absorption variation and subsequent growth of fully compact particles with a large absorption enhancement. The timescales to achieve complete morphology modification and an absorption amplification factor of 2.4 for BC particles are estimated to be 2.3 h and 4.6 h, respectively, in Beijing, compared with 9 h and 18 h, respectively, in Houston. Our findings indicate that BC under polluted urban environments could play an essential role in pollution development and contribute importantly to large positive radiative forcing. The variation in direct radiative forcing is dependent on the rate and timescale of BC aging, with a clear distinction between urban cities in developed and developing countries, i.e., a higher climatic impact in more polluted environments. We suggest that mediation in BC emissions achieves a cobenefit in simultaneously controlling air pollution and protecting climate, especially for developing countries