The gravitational heat conduction and the hierarchical structure in solar interior

With the assumption of local Tsallis equilibrium, the newly defined gravitational temperature is calculated in the solar interior, whose distribution curve can be divided into three parts, the solar core region, radiation region and convection region, in excellent agreement with the solar hierarchical structure. By generalizing the Fourier law, one new mechanism of heat conduction, based on the gradient of the gravitational temperature, is introduced into the astrophysical system. This mechanism is related to the self-gravity of such self-gravitating system whose characteristic scale is large enough. It perhaps plays an important role in the astrophysical system which, in the solar interior, leads to the heat accumulation at the bottom of the convection layer and then motivates the convection motion.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, 19 reference

The nonextensive parameter for the rotating astrophysical systems with power-law distributions

We study the nonextensive parameter for the rotating astrophysical systems with power-law distributions, including both the rotating self-gravitating system and the rotating space plasma. We extend the equation of nonextensive parameter to complex system with arbitrary force field, and derive a general equation of the q-parameter, most generally including both the rotating self-gravitating systems and the rotating space plasmas. At the same time, we reproduce the kappa-distribution in space plasmas and obtain equations of the kappa-parameter. We show that the q-parameter is related not only to the temperature gradient, the gravitational force and the electromagnetic force, but also to the inertial centrifugal force and Coriolis force. Thus the rotation introduces significant effect on nonextensivity in the systems. Several examples are given to illustrate the nonextensive effect introduced by the rotation.Comment: 11 pages, 56 reference