Emerging trends and focus of research on the relationship between traumatic brain injury and gut microbiota: a visualized study

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most serious types of trauma and imposes a heavy social and economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The development of emerging biotechnologies is uncovering the relationship between TBI and gut flora, and gut flora as a potential intervention target is of increasing interest to researchers. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research employing bibliometric methodologies to scrutinize the interrelation between these two. Therefore, this study visualized the relationship between TBI and gut flora based on bibliometric methods to reveal research trends and hotspots in the field. The ultimate objective is to catalyze progress in the preclinical and clinical evolution of strategies for treating and managing TBI.MethodsTerms related to TBI and gut microbiota were combined to search the Scopus database for relevant documents from inception to February 2023. Visual analysis was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.ResultsFrom September 1972 to February 2023, 2,957 documents published from 98 countries or regions were analyzed. The number of published studies on the relationship between TBI and gut flora has risen exponentially, with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom being representative of countries publishing in related fields. Research has formed strong collaborations around highly productive authors, but there is a relative lack of international cooperation. Research in this area is mainly published in high-impact journals in the field of neurology. The “intestinal microbiota and its metabolites,” “interventions,” “mechanism of action” and “other diseases associated with traumatic brain injury” are the most promising and valuable research sites. Targeting the gut flora to elucidate the mechanisms for the development of the course of TBI and to develop precisely targeted interventions and clinical management of TBI comorbidities are of great significant research direction and of interest to researchers.ConclusionThe findings suggest that close attention should be paid to the relationship between gut microbiota and TBI, especially the interaction, potential mechanisms, development of emerging interventions, and treatment of TBI comorbidities. Further investigation is needed to understand the causal relationship between gut flora and TBI and its specific mechanisms, especially the “brain-gut microbial axis.

KOBAS 2.0: a web server for annotation and identification of enriched pathways and diseases

High-throughput experimental technologies often identify dozens to hundreds of genes related to, or changed in, a biological or pathological process. From these genes one wants to identify biological pathways that may be involved and diseases that may be implicated. Here, we report a web server, KOBAS 2.0, which annotates an input set of genes with putative pathways and disease relationships based on mapping to genes with known annotations. It allows for both ID mapping and cross-species sequence similarity mapping. It then performs statistical tests to identify statistically significantly enriched pathways and diseases. KOBAS 2.0 incorporates knowledge across 1327 species from 5 pathway databases (KEGG PATHWAY, PID, BioCyc, Reactome and Panther) and 5 human disease databases (OMIM, KEGG DISEASE, FunDO, GAD and NHGRI GWAS Catalog). KOBAS 2.0 can be accessed at http://kobas.cbi.pku.edu.cn

The study of microcurrent path of highly c-axis-oriented Bi (2223)/Ag tapes

The microcurrent path of highly c-axis-oriented Bi(2223)/Ag tapes has been investigated by in-plane (I//ab plane) and out-of-plane (I//c axis) transport measurements. It includes the dependence of transport critical current on temperatures close to Tc at different magnetic fields and the resistance transition broadening for applied fields H parallel to c-axis. It is found that the transport measurement results of in-plane and out-of-plane are quite different. We attribute the differences to the different microcurrent path. We think that the microcurrent path of the highly c-axis-oriented Bi(2223)/Ag tape is correlated with the direction of current injection

Enhanced flux pinning of Bi-2223/Ar tapes with nano-MgO particles addition

For the purpose of producing flux pinning centers, nano-MgO particles have been introduced into (Bi,Pb)2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox silver-sheathed (hereafter: Bi-2223/Ag) tapes fabricated by the Rod-In-Tube (RIT) process. It is found that transport critical current density (Jc) of samples doped with nano-MgO particles is higher than that of undoped samples by a factor of 1.2 in zero applied field and about 1.4 in a magnetic field range from 0.1 to 1 T at 77 K. Well-dispersed MgO particles can be observed by SEM. These results indicate that the introduction of nano-MgO particles can effectively improve the flux pinning ability and has a little detrimental effect on the Bi-2223 superconducting matrix

Fight for carbon neutrality with state-of-the-art negative carbon emission technologies

After the Industrial Revolution, the ever-increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration has resulted in significant problems for human beings. Nearly all countries in the world are actively taking measures to fight for carbon neutrality. In recent years, negative carbon emission technologies have attracted much attention due to their ability to reduce or recycle excess CO2 in the atmosphere. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art negative carbon emission technologies, from the artificial enhancement of natural carbon sink technology to the physical, chemical, or biological methods for carbon capture, as well as CO2 utilization and conversion. Finally, we expound on the challenges and outlook for improving negative carbon emission technology to accelerate the pace of achieving carbon neutrality

Improvement of the phase formation and superconductivity of the (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox silver sheathed tapes with B2O3 addition

In (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox silver-sheathed (Bi2223/Ag) tapes, melted liquid phase plays an important role to form the Bi2223 phase. We have added a small amount of B2O3 into Bi2223/Ag tapes to assist in inducing melted phase because B2O3 has a melting point (460°C) much lower than the general sintering temperature of the tapes, and studied the influence of B2O3 doping on the microstructure and critical current density (Jc) of Bi2223/Ag tapes. The results show that B2O3 doping is really effective to result in the faster growth and better alignment of the Bi2223 grains in the superconducting core and improve the magnetic field dependence of the Jc value

Dissipation anisotropy of highly c-axis-oriented(Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox silver sheathed tapes

Dissipation anisotropy of a highly c-axis-oriented (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox silver-sheathed tape in the vicinity of Tc(T/Tc>0.9) has been investigated by measuring the dependence of the magnetoresistance on the applied field, the temperature and the angle (theta) between the magnetic field direction and the tape surface. The results show that the dissipation anisotropy increases with the increase of the field and the temperature. It is found that the dissipation is only related to the magnetic field component perpendicular to the tape surface (c-axis component), i.e., R(H,theta) = R(Hsin theta). The experimental results can be accounted for in terms of the easy motion of two-dimensional (2D) pancake vortices along the CuO2 planes