Scanning electron microscopy of the outer and inner surface of the buccal cavity of some Mononchida

La cavite buccale de six Mononchides est étudiée en utilisant une technique combinant dissection et extraction afin d'observer les structures internes et externes de cette cavité sans léser les tissus l'entourant. L'extraction des cavités buccales est réalisée grâce à une solution de béta-mercapto-éthanol et de docécyle-sulfate de sodium. Ces produits, dénaturant les protéines, permettent l'élimination des tissus entourant la cavité et, par conséquent, l'observation détaillée de sa surface au microscope électronique à balayage. Cette solution est préférable à une solution d'hypochlorite car une incubation prolongée ne fait pas disparaître les structures fines. L'extraction de la cavité buccale montre que celle-ci comporte quantité de structures fines et quelques structures plus massives, non encore signalées. La cavité buccale peut être divisée en deux zones : une zone antérieure, à parois parallèles, et une zone de base, postérieure, oblique. Cette division est arbitraire mais elle permet la distinction entre i) les plaques buccales verticales (une dorsale, deux ventrales) plus ou moins droites et pouvant porter des dents et ii) le fond de la cavité buccale, formé par trois plaques basales obliques, courbées vers le centre. La présence chez #Anatonchus tridentatus$ de plaques stomatales (une dorsale, deux subventrales), complètement détachées, et de plaques basales complètement détachées des plaques stomatales, distingue cette espèce des autres Mononchides étudiés. Une explication fonctionnelle est discutée. (Résumé d'auteur

The role of HLA-DP mismatches and donor specific HLA-DP antibodies in kidney transplantation : a case series

BACKGROUND: The impact of HLA-DP mismatches on renal allograft outcome is still poorly understood and is suggested to be less than that of the other HLA loci. The common association of HLA-DP donor-specific antibodies (DSA) with other DSA obviates the evaluation of the actual effect of HLA-DP DSA. METHODS: From a large multicenter data collection, we retrospectively evaluated the significance of HLA-DP DSA on transplant outcome and the immunogenicity of HLA-DP eplet mismatches with respect to the induction of HLA-DP DSA. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between the MFI of HLA-DP antibodies detected in Luminex assays and the outcome of flowcytometric/complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) crossmatches. RESULTS: In patients with isolated pretransplant HLA-DP antibodies (N = 13), 6 experienced antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and 3 patients lost their graft. In HLAMatchmaker analysis of HLA-DP mismatches (N = 72), HLA-DP DSA developed after cessation of immunosuppression in all cases with 84DEAV (N = 14), in 86% of cases with 85GPM (N = 6/7), in 50% of cases with 56E (N = 6/12) and in 40% of cases with 56A mismatch (N = 2/5). Correlation analysis between isolated HLA-DP DSA MFI and crossmatches (N = 90) showed negative crossmatch results with HLA-DP DSA MFI <2000 (N = 14). Below an MFI of 10,000 CDC crossmatches were also negative (N = 33). Above these MFI values both positive (N = 35) and negative (N = 16) crossmatch results were generated. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated HLA-DP DSA are rare, yet constitute a significant risk for AMR. We identified high-risk eplet mismatches that can lead to HLA-DP DSA formation. We therefore recommend HLA-DP typing to perform HLA-DP DSA analysis before transplantation. HLA-DP DSA with high MFI were not always correlated with positive crossmatch results

Interpretando la Mina Rica (Pulpí, Almeria): estructura, mineralogía y geoquímica.

En este trabajo se presenta la estructura, mineralogía y geoquímica de la Mina Rica, un excelente ejemplo de la metalogenia del SE peninsular. Para ello se ha realizado la cartografía geológica detallada de las galerías, el estudio etrográfico de las zonas mineralizadas y no mineralizadas y el análisis isotópico de los sulfatos y sufuros

Whey- vs Casein-Based Enteral Formula and Gastrointestinal Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Objectives: Children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) commonly have gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Whey-based enteral formulas have been postulated to reduce gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) and accelerate gastric emptying (GE). The authors investigated whether whey-based (vs casein-based) enteral formulas reduce GOR and accelerate GE in children who have severe CP with a gastrostomy and fundoplication. Methods: Thirteen children received a casein-based formula for 1 week and either a 50% whey whole protein (50% WWP) or a 100% whey partially hydrolyzed protein (100% WPHP) formula for 1 week. Reflux episodes, gastric half-emptying time (GE t1/2), and reported pain and GI symptoms were measured. Results: Whey formulas emptied significantly faster than casein (median [interquartile range (IQR)] GE t1/2, 33.9 [25.3-166.2] min vs 56.6 [46-191] min; P = .033). Reflux parameters were unchanged. GI symptoms were lower in children who received 50% WWP (visual analog symptom score, median [IQR], 0[0-11.8]) vs 100% WPHP (13.0 [2.5-24.8]) (P = .035). Conclusion: This pilot study shows that in children who have severe CP with a gastrostomy and fundoplication, GE of the whey-based enteral formula is significantly faster than casein. The acceleration in GE does not alter GOR frequency, and there appears to be no effect of whey vs casein in reducing acid, nonacid, and total reflux episodes. The results indicate that enteral formula selection may be particularly important for children with severe CP and delayed GE. (JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36:118S-123S

New determination of gypsum isotope fractionation factor

Gypsum is a low temperature mineral of relevance for the understanding of evaporitic and late hydrotermal scenarios. Gypsum deposits are spread all over the geological record and their crystals may contain important information about the history of the seas

Messenger RNA electroporation: an efficient tool in immunotherapy and stem cell research.

Over the last decades medicine has developed tremendously, but still many diseases are incurable. The last years, cellular (gene) therapy has become a hot topic in biomedical research for the potential treatment of cancer, AIDS and diseases involving cell loss or degeneration. Here, we will focus on two major areas within cellular therapy, cellular immunotherapy and stem cell therapy, that could benefit from the introduction of neo-expressed genes through mRNA electroporation for basic research as well as for clinical applications. For cellular immunotherapy, we will provide a state-of-the-art on loading antigen-presenting cells with antigens in the mRNA format for manipulation of T cell immunity. In the area of stem cell research, we will highlight current gene transfer methods into adult and embryonic stem cells and discuss the use of mRNA electroporation for controlling guided differentiation of stem cells into specialized cell lineages

Internal lectin binding patterns in the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Panagrolaimus superbus and Acrobeloides maximus

Les modalités de liaison des lectines sont étudiées chez trois nématodes rhabditides libres - #Caenorhabditis elegans, #Panagrolaimus superbus et #Acrobeloides maximus$ - en utilisant dix lectines différentes. Bien que tous les tissus des nématodes se lient à une ou plus des lectines utilisées, des différences considérables sont observées entre les trois espèces de nématodes. Le vitellus, quatre des coelomocytes et les oocytes se lient le plus souvent avec les lectines testées. Quoique réagissant à de nombreuses substances étrangères, la bordure en brosse de l'intestin n'est colorée que par quelques lectines. Les modalités de liaison du vitellus indiquent qu'au moment de l'incorporation de ce dernier dans l'embryon - ou quelques peu après celle-ci - il se produit dans le vitellus un processus qui modifie les caractéristiques de liaison des lectines avec son contenu protéinique. (Résumé d'auteur