An Investigation of the Physical Education Curriculum in Irish Primary Schools and of the Factors Which Impede Its Full Implementation

This research project was carried out on physical education in the Irish primary school. It focuses on the implementation of the physical education curriculum and examines the factors which have inhibited implementation. As a primary school teacher, the researcher was aware that in physical education there appeared to be a significant gap between the theory as set out in the curriculum handbook and the reality of what was happening in schools. It was the researcher’s perception of this gap between policy and practice which prompted the researcher to investigate the circumstances and factors which might have contributed to this situation. The research was conducted at this particular time because of the recent launch of the Revised Primary School Curriculum in 1999. The physical education element of this curriculum is due for introduction in 2004

Conserving Heritage Value through Repair and Maintenance (R&M) at The Tower of London

Repair and Maintenance (R&M) of heritage sites is vital to keep sites up-to-date and functional. Sites must be adapted to contemporary standards in order to continue communicating their significance and value to the public. Literature suggests that R&M is therefore a mechanism for achieving heritage values. However, literature also suggests that there are tensions between the two value systems: R&M and heritage values. Authenticity and minimizing the loss of historic fabric can conflict with structural safety and maximizing public usability. This thesis explores the Tower of London, which is a World Heritage Site and Scheduled Ancient Monument, as a case study and uses 6 key examples to examine these tensions. Surprisingly, it finds that there is little tension on-site and using key examples, it explores how these tensions have been largely mitigated. It finds that the use of removable infrastructure, stable materials, regular R&M and complex design features are tension-mitigation strategies which have broader resonance at other heritage sites. It is hoped that this case study may offer a learning experience to reduce R&M-heritage tensions for other sites

South African music libraries : collegial, institutional and geographic isolation, an examination

Music libraries are relatively recent additions to South African library collections and attempts at forming a music library association have been thwarted through a number of financial and historical societal limitations. Consequently, many South African music librarians feel isolated from the field. This paper examines the effects of this isolation and the benefits that closer association for the librarian could bring. Future outlooks for music libraries in South Africa are discussed and suggestions made for a more positive future. Les bibliothèques de musique sont des additions relativement récentes aux collections des bibliothèques en Afrique du sud. Les tentatives de création d'une aßociation de bibliothécaires de musique ont été contrariées pour des raisons financières, historiques et sociales. Par conséquent, beaucoup de bibliothécaires de musique se sentent isolés du milieu. Cet article examine les effets de cette isolation et les bénéfices que pourrait apporter une aßociation qui rapproche les bibliothécaires. Il aborde des discußions sur des perspectives futures et émet des suggestion afin d'appréhender un avenir plus positif. Musikbibliotheken sind eine relativ neue Erscheinung im Bibliothekswesen Südafrikas. Die Gründung einer musikbibliothekarischen Vereinigung ist aus finanziellen und anderen Gründen heraus immer wieder gescheitert. Daher fühlen sich viele südafrikanische Musikbibliothekare beruflich isoliert. Der Artikel untersucht die Auswirkungen dieser Isolation und die Vorteile, die ein engerer Zusammenschluß den Bibliothekaren bringen könnte. Er wagt einen Ausblick in und macht Vorschläge für die Zukunft südafrikanischer Musikbibliotheken

Grahamstown film and heritage as reflected by His Majesty's building

Grahamstown Film and Heritage as reflected by His Majesty's Building. The building of His Majesty's theatre has had and continues to have an influential and varied history in the town of Grahamstown. The heritage of the building is linked both to its historical purpose and role in the community, and with the imposing architectural features and central locality. In this oral history project HMT became a vehicle for researching broader issues. The following issues arose: the effects of apartheid policy in entertainment areas; the arrival of national franchises and resultant tensions of preservation of building and cultural heritage versus economic development; the impact of new media such as TV and Video on the cinema theatre; and the community Fruit & Veg 'Colour' dispute. Four key informants were selected and 5 oral history interviews conducted in May 2006. The history of the theatre, film and entertainment memoirs, social comment, and a life history were recorded.The oral history project pertaining to this paper is housed at the Cory Library, Rhodes University. See also Oral History Association of South Africa: http://www.ohasa.org.za

Towards a comprehensive model of obsessive compulsive disorder: an examination of early experience, personality style and schemata

Salkovskis' cognitive model of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 1985) has led to a wealth of research which has identified a number of cognitive vulnerabilities thought to be characteristic of the disorder. Schemata related to responsibility, guilt, faulty metacognitive beliefs, thought action fusion and the appropriateness of neutralisation have been associated with OCD symptomatology. However, the majority of research has used non¬ clinical subjects, with varying criteria and methodology, leading to problems in interpreting the results. More recent work (Sookman et al, 1994) has attempted to develop a multidimensional model of OCD. The emphasis is on addressing early attachment experience to examine the possible aetiology of core schemata. Subsequent research has not reflected the need to develop this comprehensive approach to our understanding of OCD: cognitive theorists have continued to examine cognitive schemata in isolation; separate research has addressed personality factors such as perfectionism; a third vein has examined OCD patients' reports of parenting. In the current paper, 20 subjects with a diagnosis of OCD and an anxious control group of 20 subjects are compared on a number of measures, aimed at examining i) OCD related schemata (Inventory of Beliefs Related to Obsessions, Freeston et al 1993), ii) experience of parenting (Parental Bonding Instrument, Parker et al, 1979) and iii) the fundamental personality dimensions of sociotropy and autonomy (Personal Style Inventory, Robins et al, 1994). The paper compares scores on these measures between experimental and control groups to examine OCD specificity and confirm the unique role of particular schemata in a clinical OCD group. The relationship between early experience, cognitive vulnerability and OCD symptomatology is examined in an attempt to incorporate these factors into a comprehensive account of OCD which links early experience to OCD through the mediating influence of dysfunctional assumptions and cognitive vulnerabilities

Ilam's Archival Revitalisation: the past five years at the International Library of African Music

The International Library for African Music (ILAM) was begun in 1954 by ethnomusicologist Hugh Tracey (1903–1977). Since 2007, an active set of projects in preservation and digitisation of both sound and photographic archives have meant that this highly important archive of traditional African music has been stabilized and conserved. New outreach education projects are helping distribute the wealth of the collection back to the African people. ILAM now has a more secure future and makes seminal contributions in the fields of research, publication and education for African music. French Abstract La Bibliothèque Internationale pour la Musique Africaine (ILAM) a été établie en 1954 par l’ethnomusicologue Hugh Tracey (1903–1977). Depuis 2007, un ensemble de projets actifs dans la préservation et la numérisation des archives sonores et photographiques, a eu comme résultat que ces archives très importantes de la musique traditionnelle africaine ont été stabilisées et conservées. De nouveaux projets d’éducation et de sensibilisation aident à distribuer la richesse de cette collection à la population africaine. ILAM a maintenant un avenir plus sûr et apporte une contribution fondamentale dans les domaines de la recherche, la publication et l’enseignement de la musique africaine. German Abstract Die International Library for African Music (ILAM) wurde im Jahr 1954 durch den Musi kethnolo - gen Hugh Tracey (1903–1977) gegründet. Seit 2007 laufende Projekte zur Bestandssicherung und Digitalisierung des Schall- und Fotoarchivs helfen, dieses überaus wichtige Archiv für traditionelle afrikanische Musik zu erhalten und in seiner Existenz zu stabilisieren. Neue, nach außen wirkende Bildungsprojekte tragen dazu bei, den Reichtum der Sammlung an die afrikanische Bevölkerung zurückzugeben. Durch seine nun gesicherte Zukunft kann ILAM für die afrikanische Musik grundlegende Beiträge in Forschung, Veröffentlichung und Bildung leisten. Afrikaans Abstract Die International Library of African Music (ILAM) is in 1954 deur die etnomusikoloog, Hugh Tracey (1903–1977), gestig. Aktiewe preserverings- en digitaliseringsprojekte van beide klank- en foto-argiewe sedert 2007, het tot gevolg gehad dat hierdie hoogs belangrike argief van tradisionele Afrikamusiek gestabiliseer en bewaar kon word. Nuwe ontwikkelings-uitreikprojekte dra daartoe by dat die rykdom van hierdie versameling teruggeploeg word aan Afrika. ILAM het tans ‘n meer versekerde toekoms en lewer invloedryke bydraes op die gebied van navorsing, publikasie en opleiding in Afrikamusiek. IsiXhosa Abstract Ithala lehlabathi lomculo wase-Afrika, i- International Library for African Music (ILAM) laqalwa ngo- 1954 yingcali yomculo weentlanga ngeentlanga, uHugh Tracey (1903–1977). Ukususela ngo-2007 umsebenzi wokulondoloza nokugcina ngekhompyutha isandi seengoma kwakunye neefoto uthetha ukuba le mbali ibalulekileyo kumculo we-Afrika wemveli iqiniselwe kwaye igcinwe ngononophelo. Iiprojekti ezintsha zokolulela isandla kwabanye abantu ziyanceda ekusasazeni le ndyebo kwabo bantu isuka kubo, ama-Afrika. Ngoku i-ILAM inekamva elingagunqgiyo kwaye inegalelo elibonakalayo kuphando, upapasho nemfundo ngomculo wase-Afrika

"Changing habits of a lifetime": an investigation of the factors that influence behaviour change to reduce domestic energy consumption

Concerns about the impact of climate change are increasingly relevant and problematic to modern society. Since the establishment of the Climate Change Act in 2008, the UK is committed to reducing carbon dioxide emissions by at least 80%, by the year 2050, from 1990 levels. Improving the way in which energy is used in the domestic sector has the potential to play a major role in the achievement of this overall target. This exploratory study uses in-depth interviews and focus groups to investigate the values, motivations and routes to engagement of UK homeowners in adopting pro-environmental behavioural changes. The findings suggest that the greatest barriers homeowners feel prevent them from adopting a lower carbon lifestyle are issues related to a lack of money, time and a perception that their actions are insignificant. Typically, concern for the environment and future generations are drivers of environmentally beneficial behaviour. However, people are generally unaware of any relevant initiatives or schemes to aid them in becoming more energy efficient. The results suggest that people are generally energy conscious, but not energy knowledgeable. Therefore, there is an opportunity for effective communication to bridge this gap in inspiring collective change in reducing energy consumption through behaviour modification. Keywords: Environment, Behaviour Change, Barriers, Motivation, Energy Use

An analysis of the censorship of popular music within the context of cultural struggle in South Africa during the 1980s

The censorship of popular music in South Africa during the 1980s severely affected South African musicians. The apartheid government was directly involved in centralized state censorship by means of the Directorate of Publications, while the South African Broadcasting Corporation exercised government censorship at the level of airplay. Others who assisted state censorship included religious and cultural interest groups. State censorship in turn put pressure on record companies, musicians and others to practice self-censorship. Many musicians who overtly sang about taboo topics or who used controversial language subsequently experienced censorship in different forms, including police harassment. Musicians were also subject to anti-apartheid forms of censorship,such as the United Nations endorsed cultural boycott. Not all instances of censorship were overtly political, but they were always framed by, and took place within, a repressive legal-political system. This thesis found that despite the state's attempt to maintain its hegemony, musicians sought ways of overcoming censorship practices. It is argued that the ensuing struggle cannot be conceived of in simple binary terms. The works of Antonio Gramsci, Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu, in particular, are applied to the South African context in exploring the localized nuances of the cultural struggle over music censorship. It is argued that fragmented resistance to censorship arose out of the very censorship structures that attempted to silence musicians. Textual analysis brought to light that resistance took various forms including songs with provocative lyrics and titles, and more subtle means of bypassing censorship, including the use of symbolism, camouflaged lyrics, satire and crossover performance. Musicians were faced with the challenge of bypassing censors yet nevertheless conveying their message to an audience. The most successful cases negotiated censorial practices while getting an apparent message across to a wide audience. Broader forms of resistance were also explored, including opposition through live performance, counter-hegemonic information on record covers, resistance from exile, alignment with political organizations and legal challenges to state censorship. In addition, some record companies developed strategies of resistance to censorship. The many innovative practices outlined in this thesis demonstrate that even in the context of constraint, resistance is possible. Despite censorship, South African musicians were able to express themselves through approaching their music in an innovative way

The #MeToo Movement: a Mixed Methods Analysis of Content Posted and Perceptions of Benefit and Harm

Various societal inequalities exist between men and women that demonstrate the oppression women still face within society today, including the silencing of women regarding their experiences of sexual harassment, sexual assault and rape. Instances of these forms of sexual violence among female victims are high globally, and victim-blaming and societal biases contribute to high levels of under-reporting of these crimes. The #MeToo movement, started by Tarana Burke in 2006 and utilised in 2017 on Twitter by Alyssa Milano, aimed to shine a light on the pervasive nature of sexual harassment, sexual assault and rape. The #MeToo movement can be considered a new form of activism, hashtag activism, a social movement enacted online. Social movements can potentially create lasting social change within society. As a result, it is important to understand #MeToo, including how it developed, its utilisation and perceptions of this movement among society and those who participated in it. Across three studies, this dissertation presents a sequential mixed methods analysis of the #MeToo movement, exploring messages posted on Twitter on the day the hashtag went viral as well as perceptions of benefit and harm of the movement. Study 1 used conventional content analysis on a corpus of over 10,000 tweets posted using the #MeToo hashtag, on the first day the #MeToo movement went viral, to understand the nature of the content users deemed important to share. The findings from this study show the role differences in power play in experiences of sexual harassment, sexual assault and rape. Study 2 employed a survey to explore perceptions of benefit and harm of the #MeToo movement and what attitudinal factors were associated with such perceptions. Further, gender differences concerning perceptions of benefit and harm were also explored. The findings of this study highlight the role of internalised misogyny and protective paternalism in perceptions of benefit and harm of the #MeToo movement. Study 3 utilised reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with women who participated in the #MeToo movement. This study showed that participants in the #MeToo movement perceived the movement as beneficial for themselves and mostly beneficial for society, with a few participants questioning its efficacy at creating lasting social change. The final chapter explores the benefits and harm the #MeToo movement has had on women and society, including a discussion about whether #MeToo has changed the landscape for women when coming forward and reporting sexual harassment, sexual assault and rape. Additionally, this chapter explores how the #MeToo movement aligns with previous frameworks regarding social movements and critiques whether the #MeToo movement should be considered a social movement or a stepping-stone for a larger movement yet to emerge. Discussion also includes the implications of this research for policy and educational settings and recommendations for future research.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 202