The Payoff: Returns to University, College and Trades Education in Canada, 1980 to 2005

Among OECD countries, Canada has the highest percentage of postsecondary graduates in the population 25-64 years old, which is due to having a large proportion of nonuniversity postsecondary graduates from colleges and trade schools. By considering the financial returns to types of postsecondary education, which reflect demand and supply, this paper examines whether Canada has produced too many postsecondary graduates in general, or too many graduates from colleges or trade schools in particular. The answers to both questions is no. There are high rates of return to higher education, with the exception of women graduates of trade schools.Education Papers, postsecondary education, OECD countries

Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138963/1/12987_2017_Article_71.pd

Regional Wage Spillover in Canada.

The persistently high unemployment rate of the Atlantic Region of Canada may be a symptom of importation into the region of inappropriately high wage levels from other Canadian regions. A theoretical explanation for the existence of such interregional wage spillover is offered. The hypothesis of spillover is empirically examined using data on the wage change provisions of individual contracts in the manufacturing sector. Possible econometric problems associated with contract data are examined and corrective measures taken. Results of the estimation support the hypothesis that wage spillover plays a role in the determination of Atlantic Region wages. Copyright 1987 by MIT Press.

Impact of Proficiency on Early Entrants to the Labour Market: Evidence from the YITS

The primary purpose of the report is to explore the impact of PISA reading scores on the early labour market outcomes of young Canadians of the Youth in Transition Survey. This inquiry is complicated by two facts. First, family and school characteristics that are positively correlated with PISA scores are also correlated with labour market success, making it difficult to discover the independent effect of those scores. Second, students with higher PISA scores are much more likely to pursue education beyond high school and scores may operate both directly and indirectly through this channel to influence later outcomes. Among females, there is a positive correlation between PISA scores and future earnings, even after controlling for family background and educational attainment. There is no evidence of such a correlation for males. For both genders, the link between PISA scores and unemployment disappears when controls are added. These weak outcomes may be explained by the fact that sufficient time has not elapsed for the YITS respondents to complete schooling and to integrate into the labour market. L’objectif premier du présent rapport est d’examiner comment les scores PISA en compréhension de l’écrit influencent les premiers résultats sur le marché du travail des jeunes Canadiens interrogés dans le cadre de l’Enquête auprès des jeunes en transition (EJET). L’analyse est compliquée par deux facteurs : tout d’abord, les caractéristiques en termes de contexte familial et d’établissement scolaire fréquenté qui sont positivement corrélées avec les scores PISA sont également corrélées avec la réussite sur le marché du travail, ce qui empêche d’identifier l’effet indépendant de ces scores. Ensuite, les élèves qui ont obtenu des scores PISA élevés sont beaucoup plus susceptibles de continuer à faire des études après l’enseignement secondaire ; les scores pourraient donc avoir un effet à la fois direct et indirect sur les résultats ultérieurs. Chez les filles, on constate une corrélation positive entre les scores PISA et le revenu futur, même après prise en compte des caractéristiques du contexte familial et du niveau d’études. En revanche, on ne dispose d’aucun élément prouvant une telle corrélation chez les hommes. Pour les femmes comme pour les hommes, le lien entre les scores PISA et le fait d’être sans emploi disparaît dès lors que l’on ajoute des contrôles. La faiblesse de ces résultats peut s’expliquer par le manque de temps écoulé entre le moment où les personnes ont été sondées par l’EJET et le moment où elles ont terminé leurs études pour entrer sur le marché du travail.

Postsecondary Education in Canada: Returns to University, College and Trades Education

By international standards, the level of educational attainment in Canada is exceptionally high, with the proportion of adult Canadians holding postsecondary educational certificates being more than twice the OECD average. This remarkable ranking is primarily the result of high participation in non-university postsecondary educational sectors: colleges, trades institutions, and other vocational educators. While the non-university postsecondary education (PSE) sector is clearly important in terms of both the quantity and the qualitative nature of human capital it produces, it has received very little attention in the academic literature , which has tended to focus on the outcomes of university graduates. This paper uses Census data from 1980 to 2000 to examine the evolution of the earnings premia to university, college, and trades educat i o n over a 20-year period of rapid economic change. Examining this evolution is a prerequisite to understanding the behaviour of participation in the various postsecondary education streams and to the appropriate conduct of educational and labour market policy.

Are there biases in German bilateral aid allocations

This paper presents new evidence on the nature of German bilateral foreign aid allocations. In particular, the paper focuses on the question of whether there are population and middle-income biases present in the disbursement of German assistance. Using data on German bilateral aid to 85 countries from 1973 to 1995 evidence supporting existence of a population bias is found, but no evidence is found of a middle-income bias. A bias, however, associated with a recipient's coverage under the Lome Convention is found.