Signatures of Exotic Hadrons

Hadron spectroscopy represented in the past a major tool for understanding the fundamental symmetries of strong forces. More recently, the interest on this topic has been revitalized by the discovery of new quarkonium-like resonances, that do not fit in the standard picture and whose understanding could improve our mastery of quantum chromodynamics. I review here the experimental signatures of these exotic hadrons, at present and future e+e- and hadron collider experiments.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics

Exotic Hadrons with Hidden Charm and Strangeness

We investigate on exotic tetraquark hadrons of the kind [cs][cbar sbar] by computing their spectrum and decay modes within a constituent diquark-antidiquark model. We also compare these predictions with the present experimental knowledge.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, minor changes made, references adde

Laser-plasma interaction experiments: The design of a multi-GeV spectrometer

This paper describes the design of a spectrometer developed for experiments of laser-plasma acceleration. Because of the atypical properties of the accelerated electron bunches, the designed device is unconventional both for laserplasma and for high-energy physics: it needs to detect simultaneously more than 109 electrons with energies spread over three orders of magnitude (from few MeV to few GeV)

Multiple sclerosis and thyroid gland diseases

Multiple sclerosis (MS) often presents with accompanying diseases. Thyroid gland pathology is not a rare finding in MS patients. Among a hospital cohort of 305 MS patients, 16 females with five thyroid gland diseases were diagnosed during a 14-year period. There were six cases of diffuse goiter, four of postoperative hypothyroidism, three of thyroid adenoma, two of autoimmune thyroiditis, and one of hyperthyroidism. Age characteristics of the patients varied for the specific diseases. We emphasize the need for regular monitoring of the thyroid function in MS patients

Exotic Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy: A Mini-review

Since nine years experiments have been observing a host of exotic states decaying into heavy quarkonia. The interpretation of most of them still remains uncertain and, in some cases, controversial, notwithstanding a considerable progress has been made on the quality of the experimental information available and a number of ideas and models have been put forward to explain the observations. In this mini-review we will summarize the measurements, with the most recent updates, and list the useful ones yet to be done. We will discuss the problem of the spin of the X, which could hide some major surprise on its interpretation, and review some more phenomenological issues debated in the field.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables. To appear in Mod. Phys. Lett.

Individual training for self-injection of disease-modifying medications in multiple sclerosis patients - a guarantee for successful treatment

Въведение: МС е хронично инвалидизиращо заболяване, което е сред най-често срещаните причини за сериозно физическо увреждане при възрастни в трудоспособна възраст. Индивидуално обучение за самоинжектиране на медикаменти, модифициращи хода на заболяването, е гаранция за успешно лечение при пациенти с множествена склероза (МС). Цел: Да се проучи мнението на пациенти с МС, преминали индивидуално обучение за самоинжектиране на медикаменти, модифициращи хода на заболяването (ММХЗ), относно ефективността му. Материал и методи: Проведено е проучване сред пациенти с МС (n=50) през месец октомври 2016 г., преминали индивидуално обучение за самоинжектиране с медикаменти, модифициращи хода на заболяването чрез пряка индивидуална анкета. Използваните методи са документален, социологически (анкета), статистически и графичен анализ. Резултати и обсъждане: Анкетирани са 50 пациенти с диагноза МС, посещаващи специализирана комисия към УМБАЛ „Света Марина` ЕАД - Варна. Всички анкетирани пациенти са преминали обучение при медицинска сестра - спе циалист по МС. Повече от половината пациенти (58%) са се нуждаели от над три визити за обучение. Почти 80% от участниците в анкетното проучване посочват, че при проблем се обръщат към медицинската сестра, специалист по МС. Изводи: Всички анкетирани, без изключение, считат, че не биха се справили със самоинжектирането без обучение. Източникът на информация за наличие на медицинска сестра - специалист по МС, която може да проведе обучението по самоинжектиране, отразява актуалната ситуация. Заключение: Индивидуалното обучение за самоинжектиране с медикаменти, модифициращи хода на заболяването, е една нова различна потребност от здравни грижи и психологическа подкрепа, която би била удовлетворена от медицинска сестра -специалист по МС. Пациентите в ситуация на хронично заболяване като МС и тяхното продължително лечение зависят и от собственото им умение да се справят. Затова още по-голяма значимост може да се отдаде на постигнатото чувство за сигурност след проведено индивидуално обучение за самоинжектиране на ММХЗ.Introduction: Individual training for self-injection of disease-modifying medications is a guarantee for successful treatment in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic disabling disease, which is among the most common causes of serious physical disability in working-age adults. Aim: The aim of this paper is to investigate the opinion of patients with MS, who have undergone inductive self-injection training to modify the course of the disease. Materials and Methods: A study through a direct individual survey was conducted among patients (n=50) in October 2016 who had undergone individual self-injection training for medications modifying the course of the disease (MMCD). The used methods were documentary, sociological (questionnaire), statistical and graphical analysis. Results and Discussion: Fifty patients with an MS diagnosis visiting a specialized commission at St. Marina University Hospital, Varna were interviewed. All of the surveyed patients have received training with a nurse, an MS specialist. More than half of the patients (58%) needed more than three study visits. Nearly 80% of the survey respondents indicated that they contacted an MS specialist nurse, if there was a problem.Conclusion: All respondents, without exception, consider that they would not cope with self-injection without training. The information about the presence of a nurse specialist on MS who can carry out self-injection training reflects the current situation. Individual training for self-injection of disease-modifying medications is a new and different need for health care and psychological support that would be met by a nurse specialist on MS. Patients with a chronic disease such as MS and their long-term treatment depend on their own ability to cope with it. Therefore, even greater significance can be attributed to the attainment of a certain sense of security after individual self-injection of MMCD