THE REORGANIZATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE ENDOGENOUS DEVELOPMENT IN THE MINING AREAS FROM GORJ COUNTY

In the strategies of regional development, a bigger and bigger importance is given to identifying the possibilities of endogenous development which, besides the exogenous impulses, contributes to an optimal development of local economies. Gorj County is one of the counties which registered a major economic decline following the restructuring processes of the economic activities. These counties need interventions at the strategic level, in order to identify the development alternatives, based on the capitalization of localresources. Following the analysis of the relation between the enterprise initiative and development, the way in which it has become fundamental for the development of a geographical space was clearly underlined. The analysis of this determination offers a well documented scientific support to the local and central authorities; this support regards the development of the enterprise initiative in territorial profile and, on this basis, it offers concretesolutions, based on decisional chains, which will have as a result the attenuation of the disequilibrium within the territorial profile. The endogenous development of the territorial systems may contribute to the sustainability of the cohesion process at local, regional andnational level

Empirical evidence on risk aversion for individual romanian capital market investors

The evolution of stock prices is influenced by the expectations of investors regarding the earning prospects associated to each listed company. One of the key elements of investment decision is the positive relationship between risk and return. Risky securities are preferred to less risky ones only if there is a higher pay-off in the long run that could compensate the investors. The previous studies proved that expected return direct correlated with risk and, due to the presence of risk aversion, this relationship is assumed to be positive one. Risk premium is determined by a lot of factors including risk aversion. The intensity of risk aversion and the evolution of it during a specific period of time are very important for any market. This study proposed an analysis of risk aversion that is based on a specific survey and it is very useful for comparative analysis with other similar studies developed on the case of other emerging markets (from EU or outside EU).risk aversion, individual investor, Romanian capital market

Romania trying to be an European brand

Building a coherent country branding program at international level requires a strong coordination between the government, the business sector, the decision makers from educational and cultural sector, the civil society and, the mass media representatives in any country. The paper presents the main efforts Romania has done to build a country image with a significant impact at international level. It focuses on the main policies and programs applied by Romania in the specific field of the national branding, offering a good analysis on the institutional framework and experience in promoting the country’s image internationally. The paper presents also the results of a research conducted with different local authorities (based on personal interviews) involved in the construction and promotion of a national brand abroad. The findings of the study provide opinions on the implications of the role of Romania’s country image in the European Integration process. A SWOT analysis on the Romania’s policy for building a European country brand completes the conclusions and the perspective on this particular issue considered to be important for a European Union integrating country. Finally, the paper makes proposals for creating a positive country image for Romania, a country that is in the process of redefining its position and its image at international level. Romania’s image will be considered from the perspective of the four dimensions defining a country image (tourism, exports, foreign direct investments and foreign policy), as well as from the perspective of building an integrated image abroad.Country branding, country image, policy making, European integration.

THE IMPACT OF ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION ON PERCEPTIONS RELATED TO BUSINESS RISKS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE. A DISTANCE-TYPE ANALYSIS

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of 2004 accession to the European Union on perceptions related to business risks in Central and Eastern European countries. The investigation makes use of the data provided by the Regular Reports on Global Competitiveness published annually by the World Economic Forum. Methodologically, our analysis requires the estimation of an average for the core of 15 member states of the European Union (EU 15) for each individual pillar considered to describe properly the business environment. In doing so, it is possible to measure the convergence – in terms of a distance-type analysis – of the new member states with the average of EU 15, prior and after the accession, comparatively. In addition, based on a k-means clustering technique, we investigate similarities between the same countries, as well as the convergence of different groups of countries with the group which contains this average.business risk, convergence, clusters, Eastern European Enlargement

Discovery of a Novel Ring Fragmentation Reaction; Efficient Preparation of Tethered Aldehyde Ynoates and N-Containing Heterocycles;Radical Addition Approach to Asymmetric Amine Synthesis

This dissertation describes the development of a novel ring fragmentation reaction in which cyclic γ-silyloxy-β-hydroxy-α-diazoesters undergo efficient rupture of the Cβ−Cγ bond when treated with tin tetrachloride to provide tethered aldehyde ynoate products with varying tether length, in high yield. Tethered aldehyde ynoates are versatile intermediates and this functional group combination is unique to this fragmentation. The synthetic utility of tethered aldehyde ynoates is highlighted by their predisposition to undergo facile intramolecular [1,3]- dipolar cycloaddition reactions in presence of bistrimethylsylil-α-amino acids to provide 2,5-dihydropyroles. The ability to quickly assemble such structural motifs encouraged studies on the synthesis of steroidal alkaloid solanidine. A new method for the N-amination of oxazolidiones with NH2Cl was investigated and provides efficient access to acyl hydrazines. However, the full scope of the reaction has not been yet fully explored. The study of isopropyl radical additions to N-acylhydrazones and comparison of several stereocontrol elements on the oxazolidinone moiety revealed that all are effective

The efficiency of polycentric development strategies in the context of economic crisis. Case study - the development of Southwest Oltenia region - Romania

Romania's polycentric development model was elaborated by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Researches on Territorial Dynamics within the University of Bucharest and by Urbanproiect SA. The elaboration of the polycentric development strategy is based on the human settlements' classification depending on their polarisation capacity and the designing of a polycentric network, able to ensure the territorial complexity necessary to the attenuation of negative impulses from the suprasystems' level. The world economic crisis may be considered the most powerful negative impulse after the Second World War, generating major disfunctionalities at the level of fragile territorial systems. The elaboration of some specific strategies, able to take into account the new challenges given by the global world, is an important preoccupation of the decision factors in order to increase territorial competitiveness

Qualitative changes in the entrepreneurial sector in emerging territorial systems – Craiova case study

The goal of the present study is to analyze the complex economic processes within emerging territorial systems, developed around big cities. Economic ventures concentrated inside these urban clusters in a short span of time, and they registered a spectacular evolution, compared to the neighboring areas. Intensification of the linkages between cities with more than 300,000 inhabitants in Romania and the surrounding areas led to the individualization of territorial systems apart, with a spectacular evolution of economic-social processes, which turn those systems into the most dynamic territorial structures. The present study means to identify the causes of those complex processes within emerging territorial systems, the manner of functional organization of the space, and the causes that determine the spectacular evolution of the economic processes within emerging systems

Assessment of textural differentiations in forest resources in Romania using fractal analysis

Deforestation and forest degradation have several negative effects on the environment including a loss of species habitats, disturbance of the water cycle and reduced ability to retain CO2, with consequences for global warming. We investigated the evolution of forest resources from development regions in Romania affected by both deforestation and reforestation using a non-Euclidean method based on fractal analysis. We calculated four fractal dimensions of forest areas: the fractal box-counting dimension of the forest areas, the fractal box-counting dimension of the dilated forest areas, the fractal dilation dimension and the box-counting dimension of the border of the dilated forest areas. Fractal analysis revealed morpho-structural and textural differentiations of forested, deforested and reforested areas in development regions with dominant mountain relief and high hills (more forested and compact organization) in comparison to the development regions dominated by plains or low hills (less forested, more fragmented with small and isolated clusters). Our analysis used the fractal analysis that has the advantage of analyzing the entire image, rather than studying local information, thereby enabling quantification of the uniformity, fragmentation, heterogeneity and homogeneity of forests

Recent Deforestation Pattern Changes (2000-2017) in the Central Carpathians:A Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix and Fractal Analysis Approach

The paper explores the distribution of tree cover and deforested areas in the Central Carpathians in the central-east part of Romania, in the context of the anthropogenic forest disturbances and sustainable forest management. The study aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal changes in deforested areas due to human pressure in the Carpathian Mountains, a sensitive biodiverse European ecosystem. We used an analysis of satellite imagery with Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat-7 ETM+) from the University of Maryland (UMD) Global Forest Change (GFC) dataset. The workflow started with the determination of tree cover and deforested areas from 2000–2017, with an overall accuracy of 97%. For the monitoring of forest dynamics, a Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix analysis (Entropy) and fractal analysis (Fractal Fragmentation-Compaction Index and Tug-of-War Lacunarity) were utilized. The increased fragmentation of tree cover (annually 2000–2017) was demonstrated by the highest values of the Fractal Fragmentation-Compaction Index, a measure of the degree of disorder (Entropy) and heterogeneity (Lacunarity). The principal outcome of the research reveals the dynamics of disturbance of tree cover and deforested areas expressed by the textural and fractal analysis. The results obtained can be used in the future development and adaptation of forestry management policies to ensure sustainable management of exploited forest areas

Designing a Transcode of B.C.D. in S.B.C. and Study its Function Using Software Electronic Workbench

The transcoder we have set out to synthetize and to simulate in this paper is important due to the fact that it brings into discussion and also presents the family of weighted and unweights binary decimal codes, presented in binary sequences of 4 bits each. Some of these are used even today with great success in the technique of data transmission, especially in recognition and access keys to certain dedicated programs and soft wares. The binary symmetric code is among the first binary decimal weighted codes, which has been the basis for the creation and development of other such codes. Therefore we have set out to design and simulate such a transcoder