Geofizička istraživanja donjeg dela praistorijskog rudnika Prljuša – Mali Šturac

Geofizičko ispitivanje donjeg dela lokaliteta Prljuša, koji je prekriven debelom naslagom sipara dospelog iz gornjih delova nalazišta, izvedeno je 2012. i 2016. godine. Na osnovu istraživanja metodom sopstvenog potencijala 2012. godine dobijene su izražene anomalijske zone koje ukazuju na prisustvo rudonosnih mineralizacija ispod površine terena. Te indikacije, pored ostalih geoloških tumačenja, najverovatnije ukazuju i na prisustvo ostataka praistorijskih rudarskih radova. Dobijene geofizičke anomalije sopstvenog potencijala su prostorno zaokružene, analizirane i tamo gde je njihov intenzitet bio najizraženiji formirane su lokacije za naredno istraživanje. Na mestima većih anomalijskih zona su 2016. godine izvedena istraživanja metodama refrakcione seizmike na 15 profila i vertikalnog električnog sondiranja na 31 tački. Ovakav metodološki pristup je izabran jer metoda sopstvenog potencijala ne daje dubinu do uzročnika anomalija nego samo njegovu projekciju na površinu terena. Metodom refrakcione seizmike moguće je definisati geološku građu ispod površine terena, tj. odvajanje siparskog nanosa od čvršće podloge i dubine do čvrste stene, kao i detektovanje mogućeg prisustva više različitih slojeva siparskog materijala. Metodom vertikalnog električnog sondiranja definisana je debljina nanosa i određena dubina do čvrste podloge

Pingе 2 at Mali Šturac: archaeological and geophysical investigation of ancient mining

Pinge 2 is located on the north-eastern border of the zone of copper mineralization and prehistoric mining works as well at the Prljuša site at Mali Šturc, the lowest peak of Rudnik mountain in central Serbia. In its immediate neighborhood, there is a mine shaft which has been excavated since 2014 and dated, according to pottery finds in the Early Eneolithic Bubanj-Hum I culture. The exploration of Pinge 2 was undertaken to determine whether it is the trace of prehistoric or later mining from the Roman or Medieval Age. Pinga 2 is a funnel-shaped surface depression, 18 meters long and 14 meters wide. The research was started with a small trench (3x2m) in the central part of the pinga. Only one layer of humus mixed with large stones was detected in the trench. The excavation was suspended at a depth of 1.8 m and followed by geophysical measuring. Geoelectric scanning in the central part of Pinge 2 revealed a thick layer, almost 10 m deep, composed of large stone material. This layer leans on a border rock almost vertically descending to the bottom. Another archaeological excavation was undertaken on the eastern border of the Pinge 2. The excavation revealed the steep rock representing the edge of the pinge. Along the top of this rock a narrow eleven meters long track carved in the rock was discovered, connecting two entrances into mining shafts. The waste stone material from these shafts was thrown into the central part of the pinge infilling it and probably covering earlier mining works. During excavations archaeological material was not found , but the appearance of mining works and the absence of malachite in surrounding rock indicate that the works certainly do not originate from the time of the Early Eneolithic as the neighbouring mine at Mala Šturca

Praistorijski rudnik bakra na Malom Šturcu: istraživanja 2010–2012. godine

Istraživanja praistorijskog rudnika bakra na lokalitetu Prljuša (Mali Šturac, Rudnik) su obnovljena 2010. godine. Geofizička ispitivanja i arheološka prospekcija samog lokaliteta potvrdila su ranije pretpostavke da je na ovom mestu eksploatacija bakra bila intezivna i obavljana u dužem periodu tokom praistorije. Do sada je na terenu konstatovano preko 20 potencijalnih okana i veoma veliki broj kamenih rudarskih batova (preko 600 komada). Geofizičkim ispitivanjima do sada je detektovano više rudarskih kanala i jedna prostrana podzemna galerija u gornjem delu lokaliteta. Postoji naznaka da se ispod debelih naslaga sipara u donjem delu padine kriju najstariji rudarski radovi na Prljuši. Zato su obavljena geofizička merenja u tom delu lokaliteta koja su ukazala na potencijalna rudarska okna

Prljuša – Mali Šturac, Eneolithic copper mine in Central Balkans

The Eneolithic copper mine at Prljuša, just below the mountain peak Mali Šturac on Mt. Rudnik was discovered in 1980 and subsequently investigated to a smaller extent from 1981 to 1987. In 2010 the investigations at Prljuša were reactivated with the aim of defining how much and how long the mine had been exploited during prehistory. Pilot geophysical studies were followed by more extensive explorations in 2011 and 2012 (selfpotential, electrical scanning and seismic profiling). The explorations covered a surface of 14 400 m2. These investigations identified underground channels in the middle part of the site connected with the earlier discovered entrance platforms named Shaft 4 and Shaft 6. The investigation with self-potential method detected numerous ore occurrences and potential prehistoric mining works in the lower part of the site. Survey of the locality led to the discovery of 15 more mining shafts spread in the upper part of the site. After having obtained satisfactory results by geophysical investigations and field survey, archaeological excavation was undertook in the zone of the Shaft 4 and the Shaft 6 in the middle part of the site, and in front of one mining shaft at the very top of the slope where is situated the site Prljuša. Excavation revealed open cast mine in zone of the Shaft 4 and 6 with several shallow vertical channels. A lot of grooved mining hammerstones were found in layers of debris that covered this mining zone. Investigation of the shaft at the top of the slope resulted with the discovery of broad mining channel covered with collapsed ceiling. In this shaft were discovered a certain number of mining hammerstones and pottery of Eneolithic Bubanj-Hum Ia culture. Detailed surveying of the site resulted in discovery of around 1000 mining stone tools just on the surface. Except the hammerstones, which are the most numerous, few stone tools of different type have been found at the site Prljuša. One fragmented whetstone as well as few axes and anvils for crashing ore make an interesting segment of stone tool assemblage from Mali Šturac. Considerable amount of semi-finished objects without traces of use as well as tools made of rock originated from this locality confirmed that stone tools were often made on the mining site. According to the great number of mining tools on the very surface of the site it is supposed that their number may be much bigger (at least 2000 in the layers of debris) what indicates the extensive mining activity at this site. Finding of Early Eneolithic pottery put this site in the group of the earliest copper mines in central Balkans whose exploitation could start even earlier, during the Vinča culture.In: Radivojević, M., Rehren, T., Hortopan, D., Bajenaru, R. (eds.), Book of abstracts of 4th Balkan Early Metallurgy Symposium, 10th-12th May 2015, Targu Jiu, Romania (pp. 13 – 14)

Standardna klijavost i nicanje klijanaca samooplodnih linija kukuruza u različitim temperaturnim uslovima

Standard laboratory germination seed test provides information on seed performance under defined environmental conditions aiming to estimate field planting value. Purpose of this study was to compare results from the standard germination test with seedling emergence in different outside temperature conditions. Sowing was done in three periods during spring, in trays exposed to outside conditions. Data obtained showed that differences in the germination, detected in the standard laboratory test, were also confirmed in field conditions. Expression of these differences, however, was dependent on temperature conditions during different sowing periods. Low temperatures during the early sowing were more discriminative than later temperature increase which completely reduced differences detected in the standard germination test.Standardni test klijavosti pruža informacije o ponašanju semena u definisanim uslovima klijanja sa ciljem procene poljske setvene vrednosti. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je poređenje rezultata standardnog testa klijavosti sa nicanjem klijanaca u polju pri različitim spoljašnjim temperaturnim uslovima. Setva je obavljena tokom tri vremenska perioda u proleće, u posudama izloženim spoljašnjim uslovima. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da su razlike u klijavosti, detektovane pomoću standardnog laboratorijskog testa, potvrđene i u sub-optimalnim spoljnim uslovima. Međutim, ispoljavanje ovih razlika zavisilo je od temperaturnih uslova tokom različitih setvenih perioda. Niske temperature u ranom periodu setve su bile diskriminativnije od kasnijeg porasta temperature koji je potpuno umanjio razlike detektovane u standardom testu klijavosti

Prljuša, Mali Šturac : istraživanje 2016. godine

Projekat Prospekcija Malog Šturca: istraživanje praistorijskog rudarstva uspešno se sprovodi od 2011. godine (Antonović, Vukadinović 2012a; 2012b; Antonović et al. 2014a; 2014b; Antonović 2017). Nakon istraživanja okana 4 i 6, koje je prvi put otkrio Borislav Jovanović 1987. godine (Јовановић 1988) u nepristupačnom središnjem delu lokaliteta Prljuša, 2014. godine je usledilo istraživanje okna nazvanog Objekat 1. Ovo okno otkriveno je tokom rekognosciranja samog lokaliteta 2011. godine i nalazi se na samom vrhu padine, pa je zaključeno da predstavlja ostatak najkasnijeg rudarenja na ovom lokalitetu.2 Na nešto višoj koti od Objekta 1, u pravcu vrha Mali Šturac, nalazi se jedan poveći svrtanj u projektnoj dokumentaciji označen kao Svrtanj 2. Cilj projekta u 2016. godini je bio da se dovrši istraživanje okana Objekat 1, započeto 2014. godine, i Svrtanj 2, započeto 2015, kao i da se ispita nanos u donjim delovima lokaliteta. Kod Objekta 1 ranijim iskopavanjima nije otkriven ulazni deo, pa se očekivalo da će nastavak istraživanja doprineti da se definiše funkcionisanje okna i u celosti otkrije prvo praistorijsko rudarsko okno u ovom delu Srbije. Cilj ispitivanja Svrtnja 2, ostatka rudarske aktivnosti na najvišoj tački lokaliteta, bio je da se utvrdi da li postoje tragovi antičkog i srednjovekovnog rudarstva, pošto je u Objektu 1 2015. godine nađen jedan rimski žižak i s obzirom na to da se svuda oko lokaliteta Prljuša nalaze tragovi kasnijeg rudarenja. Cilj ispitivanja nanosa u donjem delu lokaliteta bio je da se ustanovi na kojoj dubini se nalazi stena na kojoj je vršeno rudarenje u praistoriji, radi planiranja budućih iskopavanja okana u tom delu lokaliteta i da se rekonstruiše, na najbrži i najjeftiniji način, prvobitni izgled rudnika na Prljuši

Antimelanoma Potential of New Telmisartan Analogues Without AT1 Receptor Activity

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies, where the prognosis for metastatic patients remains extremely poor. Our group has shown that the antihypertensive drug telmisartan has antimelanoma potential1. Given that the antihypertensive effect is not favorable in cancer patients, the aim of this study was to design and test novel telmisartan derivatives without the angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) binding activity. New derivatives were designed by modification of the carboxylic group, in order to alter telmisartan geometry and its AT1R binding properties. Eight derivatives, from which the lack of AT1R antagonistic activity could be expected based on molecular docking, were synthetized and selected for in vitro testing. After the cytotoxicity test on human melanoma cell lines A375 and 518a2, three derivatives that were twice more potent than telmisartan itself were selected for further analysis. The new derivatives induced mitochondrial fragmentation, generation of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential in melanoma cells, the mechanism we previously shown for induction of apoptosis by telmisartan in melanoma cells. As the new derivatives showed more potent effect on melanoma cells than telmisartan these results lay a ground for further preclinical testing in melanoma

Poređenje dve procedure hladnog testa za ispitivanje vigora semena samooplodnih linija kukuruza

Cold test (CT) is a valuable method of assessing maize seed vigour. Although widely used CT is not standardized because of variations in CT procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate seed vigour of 15 maize inbred lines developed at the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, using two different substrates (soil and sand) in a severe CT (7.5°C for 10 days followed by 7 days at 20/30 °C). Statistical analysis showed that inbred lines differ significantly in seed vigour, and no difference between two applied substrates in CT. Coefficients of variation were lower in CT with sand (6.05 %), compared to the CT with soil (6.74%) due to variation in soil quality and presence of soil-borne pathogens. Both CT procedures were highly correlated with field emergence. Results of this research indicate that CT with sand is appropriate for testing maize seed vigour, with the potential for standardization.Vigor semena je veoma važan parametar kvaliteta, jer ukazuje na sposobnost semena da klija u suboptimalnim uslovima (niska temperatura, visoka vlažnost zemljišta itd.). Hladni test je važan metod za utvrđivanje vigora semena kukuruza. Iako je dobar pokazatelj nicanja u polju, i koristi se širom sveta, hladni test nije standardizovan zbog razlika u proceduri (temperatura, vrsta i vlažnost supstrata). Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje vigora semena samooplodnih linija kukuruza primenom dva različita supstrata (zemlja i pesak) u hladnom testu. Za ispitivanje je odabrano 15 samooplodnih linija kukuruza stvorenih u Institutu za kukuruz 'Zemun Polje'. Primenjeni su izrazito stresni uslovi ispitivanja u hladnom testu (10 dana na 7,5°C, a zatim 7 dana na 20/30°C). Statističkom obradom podataka utvrđeno je da su se samooplodne linije značajno razlikovale po vigoru semena tj. tolerantnosti na niske temperature u periodu klijanja i početnog porasta. Sa druge strane nije utvrđena značajna razlika između dva primenjena supstrata u hladnom testu. Prosečna klijavost 15 samooplodnih linija u hladnom testu sa peskom iznosila je 82,2%, a u hladnom testu sa zemljom 80,1%. Koeficijent varijacije je bio niži u hladnom testu sa peskom (6,05%), nego u hladnom testu sa zemljom (6,74%), što se objašnjava variranjem u kvalitetu zemlje i prisustvu zemljišnih patogena. Obe ispitivane procedure su postigle visoku korelaciju sa nicanjem u polju. Rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju na mogućnost korišćenja peska kao supstrata u hladnom testu, čime bi se ispitivanje vigora semena kukuruza znatno olakšalo, a ujedno bi se stekli uslovi za standardizaciju hladnog testa

Eksperimentalna procena organskih podloga za ispitivanje klijavosti semena soje

High germination of seeds and seedling establishment are critical for soybean production since it determines crop density and eventually affects the yield. Accurate evaluation of the ger mination potential of sowing material is valuable, as well as initial quality assessment of newly harvested seed. ISTA Rules prescribe alternative methods for soybean seed germination: sand, between paper, top of paper covered with sand and since 2020 organic growing media. In the Seed Testing Laboratory at the Maize Research Institute soybean germination is conducted in the sand at 2030°C. The objective of this study was to evaluate several available organic growing media and compare results obtained with the standard laboratory method. Five soybean seed lots of different quality were tested in four germination growing media (3 organic and sand), at two temperature regimes (25 °C and 2030°C). Statistical analyses showed that all types of organic growing media were of the same quality. Slightly higher germination in organic growing media was obtained in the experiment at 2030°C compared to sand, but those differences were not statistically significant. When testing was done in germinator with 25°C positive effects of organic growing media were identified and this impact was significant, especially for low-quality seed lots. The experimental outcome was to continue with routine practice and use organic growing media for retesting of seed lots with lower germination as an alternative substrate. Key words: germination, organic substrate, sand, soybean, temperatureVisoka klijavost semena i uniforman rast klijanaca su presudni za proizvodnju soje, jer od toga zavisi gustina useva i na kraju, prinos. Precizna procena potencijala klijavosti setvenog ma terijala je izuzetno važna, kao i početna procena kvaliteta tek požnjevenog semena. Međunarod na pravila za ispitivanje semena propisuju alternativne metode za klijanje semena soje: pesak, između filter papira, na filter papiru uz prekrivanje peskom, i od 2020. godine organski supstrat. U Laboratoriji za ispitivanje semena, Instituta za kukuruz “Zemun Polje”, naklijavanje soje se vrši u pesku, na temperaturi 2030°C. Cilj ove studije bio je proceniti nekoliko dostupnih organskih supstrata i uporediti dobijene rezultate sa dosadašnjom laboratorijskom metodom. Pet partija soje različitog kvaliteta testirano je u četiri podloge za naklijavanje (3 organske i pe sak), pri dva temperaturna režima (25°C i 2030°C). Statistička analiza pokazala je da su sve organske podloge istog kvaliteta. Nešto veća klijavost u organskom supstratu u poređenju sa pes kom je ostvarena u eksperimentu na 2030°C, ali te razlike nisu bile statistički značajne. Pri likom ispitivanja u klijalištu sa 25°C pokazali su se pozitivni efekti organske podloge i ovaj uticaj je bio značajan, posebno za partije slabijeg kvaliteta. Nakon analize eksperimentalnih rezultata odlučeno je da se nastavi sa dosadašnjom laboratorijskom praksom naklijavanja u pesku i da se organska podloga koristi kao alternativni supstrat za ponovno ispitivanje partija semena sa nižim procentom klijavosti

A novel Tc 99m sorbent based on macroporous magnetic polymer

A novel magnetic macroporous poly(glycidyl-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (mPGME) synthesized by suspension copolymerization and functionalized with diethylene triamine (mPGME-deta) was evaluated as sorbent for pertechnetate ion (TcO4 - ) removal from aqueous solutions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for characterization. The kinetics of TcO4 - adsorption onto mPGME-deta is relatively fast and depends on pH.Physical chemistry 2016 : 13th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 26-30 September 201