Prevalence of lung lesions at autopsy: A histopathological study

Introduction: Infections, occupational diseases and neoplastic lesions are common in lungs. In Autopsy internal organs including lungs are studied to determine cause of death and to study prevalence of various lung lesions. So, prophylactic prevention plan can be prepared for prevention of various lung lesions induced mortality and reducing need for invasive biopsy as well. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Pathology department. Tissue bits from lungs, retrieved at the time of autopsy, were preserved in 10% formalin, processed and examined microscopically. A total of 200 cases were received during the period of June 2021 to October 2022. Results: Among these 200 cases, in 10 cases (5%) the tissue was autolysed. Wide spectrum of microscopic findings were seen, the commonest being congestion (39%) followed by pneumonia (19.5%). There were 13% cases of inflammation in which 5.5% are of granulomatous type. There were 3% cases of intra alveolar hemorrhage and around 0.5% cases of interstitial fibrosis. The study also had 3.5% cases of malignancies. Conclusion: This study highlights various lesions in lungs confirmed by histopathology, which were either incidental or direct cause of death. The shortcoming in present study was non receipt of whole organ or representative sample at the time of autopsy, which if overcome will set much higher standard of autopsy reporting and would be a more useful tool in understanding cause of deat

7. Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules using The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology.

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the thyroid cytology smears by The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC), to determine the distribution of diagnostic categories and subcategories, to analyze accuracy rates and to correlate the cytopathology with histopathology, wherever surgery was done. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 130 cases of Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for thyroid swellings. The reporting of thyroid lesions is carried out using the Bethesda system for reporting of thyroid lesions and correlated when surgical was available. Results: Out of 130 cases studied 9 (6.9%) cases are of Bethesda Category I ; 114 (87.69%) patients showed category II lesion; Benign follicular lesion, 2 (1.54%) patients showed follicular neoplasm, category IV lesion and 5 (3.85 %) patient showed category VI - malignant lesion. The accuracy rate of FNAC on histopathological correlation in diagnosis for category II (Benign follicular lesion), category IV (Follicular Neoplasm) and category VI, (Malignant) lesions were 93.22 %, 100 % and 80 % respectively. Conclusions: Thyroid FNA using the Bethesda system for reporting of thyroid lesions will facilitate communication among cytopathologists, endocrinologists, surgeons, radiologists, and other health care providers; facilitate cytologic-histologic correlation for thyroid diseases; facilitate research into the epidemiology, molecular biology, pathology, and diagnosis of thyroid diseases; and allow easy and reliable sharing of data from different laboratories