For public communication: Promises and perils of public engagement

In this article I make a case for the importance of public engagement and political commitment on the part of communication scholars. I do this initially by drawing on the work of Michael Burawoy who, in his 2004 Presidential Address to the American Sociological Association, made an impassioned argument for the rebirth of a public sociology. Burawoy’s provocation has, however, been largely overlooked by scholars working in the field of communication and media. I then discuss the impact of the Research Excellence Framework on public communication research in the United Kingdom, a development that I so far consider to be, on the whole, positive for the field of communication and media research because it has provided incentives for academics to engage with publics. However, it is crucially important to ground this public engagement in critical theory, which means that we should question the traditional dichotomy between academic and activist. The grounds for engagement in theories of reciprocity and generality have implications for what “good” and “bad” public communication research might be. Clearly, however, we need to understand who our publics are. To this end, I discuss some of the difficulties, encountered personally, in conducting critically-informed public communication research

A review of the literature on the subject of why students leave school before graduation.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Lusophone media and communication studies: imperial nostalgia or transcontinental communicative space?

[Excerto] This Crosscurrents Special Section maps and critically examines media and communication studies in Portuguese speaking countries worldwide (Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and S. Tome and Principe, East-Timor).[...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Fixed Stars

The object of this paper is to give, in a popular form, a brief review of what is known about the fixed stars. Although they have always been objects of interest, have guided the mariner over trackless seas, arid have inspired many sublime and noble thoughts, yet, until a comparatively recent date, only three things were known about them; viz., that they retain (approximately) their ·relative positions, that they are self luminous, and that they are very far away

Reflecting on Reflexivity in Realist Evaluation: A Call to Action

Realist evaluation is increasingly utilised across disciplines due to the value of identifying which mechanisms may explain how, and why, particular outcomes are generated in specific contexts. In theory, realist evaluation provides a tangible way to analyse the inherent complexity in many pressing societal challenges. Realist evaluation encourages a mixed methods approach and choosing a suite of methods that are most relevant within a specific project. Yet, navigating a plurality of methods with abstract philosophical concepts brings operational challenges such that, further methodological guidance is needed. Research processes can be opaque and although the relativist epistemology in realist evaluation is acknowledged, the role of the researcher within the research is often unclear. Reflexivity broadly concerns the overt practice to consider how subjective perspective is intertwined in knowledge production. Reflexivity has been a peripheral consideration in realist evaluation to date and this paper outlines what reflexivity entails, how it enhances integrity to realist principles, and practical ways to exercise it. Through a realist lens the evaluation process is itself subject to the impact of mechanisms and reflexivity provides the apparatus to guard against tunnel vision, undertake robust theory generation and adjudication and increase one’s awareness of the influence of personal and organisational entities on research processes and outputs. We conclude with a call to action to the realist community to mobilise reflexivity in a consistent and explicit manner

Behaviour change practices in exercise referral practitioners: A realist evaluation of implementation

Physical activity can prevent and treat multiple diseases. Exercise referral schemes have been used extensively as one healthcare pathway. Schemes typically involve the referral of an inactive individual, with a long term condition, for a time limited exercise programme. Evidence has shown limited benefit, yet the exploration of implementation is under researched. National guidance, in the United Kingdom, recommends that exercise referral schemes should not be commissioned unless behaviour change practices are implemented. Nonetheless, novel evaluations, which are sensitive to the complex nature of behaviour change implementation, have not been undertaken. Therefore, this research sought to answer how, why, and in which circumstances behaviour change practices are implemented by exercise referral practitioners. Realist evaluation, a form of theory driven evaluation, was adopted to address the research question. Programme theory, the envisaged causal workings of implementation, was developed and tested to advance knowledge on how behaviour change practice can be achieved by exercise referral practitioners. An 8-month focused ethnography was used to develop programme theory. Subsequently, a survey was validated to empirically test programme theory. Adjudication between theory required an assessment of the fidelity to behaviour change practices. Therefore, vignettes were created and validated, which acted as a proxy to observations. The survey was then completed through online, and facilitated interviews, using a ‘think aloud’ methodology. The analysis showed that practice frameworks augment motivation when there is congruent practitioner characteristics and practice monitoring is utilised, whereas frameworks improve capability when faced with challenging attendees. Supportive leadership improves motivation when there is an organisational commitment to behaviour change and practitioners are passionate to empower attendees. Supportive leadership improves capability for implementation when a learning climate is created. Partnerships with medical professionals enhance implementation, through changes to motivation, when medical professionals commit and recognise the value of schemes, and partnerships enhance capability where medical professionals reinforce practice via congruent communication. On-going support enhances capability where practitioners are cognizant of their role and have lower behaviour change competencies, conversely, motivation is enhanced as practitioners become more capable. Exercise referral schemes risk being labelled ineffective without considering the implementation climate and fidelity to best practice guidance. This thesis provides portable and actionable findings, which could lead to a greater translation of behaviour change practices to applied settings in exercise referral and in other medically led community based self-management interventions

Ideology: towards renewal of a critical concept

In this response to our critics and fellow-travellers we reaffirm our claim that contemporary media studies should reinvent a critical concept of ideology. We do this through addressing some of the problems with older critical conceptions of ideology and suggesting potentially fruitful ways forward through engaging with research traditions that have become neglected or are overlooked in the field. This avowedly inter-disciplinary position draws on political philosophy, critical realism, ordinary language philosophy, and discursive psychology. At the end of the essay we show how a critical concept of ideology can be applied in analysis of news reporting

Introduction: comparing media systems in Central and Eastern Europe: politics, economy, culture

Introduction: comparing media systems in Central and Eastern Europe: politics, economy, cultur