Compliant Lower Body Exoskeleton

ME450 Capstone Design and Manufacturing Experience: Winter 2008Robotic exoskeletons that assist human locomotion are currently comprised of multiple actuators and motors driving link systems. Current designs, such as BLEEX and HAL, are active systems requiring multiple sensors coupled with a computer system that signals the actuators and motors. This project proposes a passive, compliant elastic exoskeleton to be worn in parallel with the entire lower limb. The goal of this project is to design, prototype and test a lower-body elastic exoskeleton that reduces the metabolic cost of human locomotion through a low weight, low-profile compliant mechanism.Michael S. Cherryhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58679/1/me450w08project22_report.pd

The translocator maintenance protein Tam41 is required for mitochondrial cardiolipin biosynthesis

The mitochondrial inner membrane contains different translocator systems for the import of presequence-carrying proteins and carrier proteins. The translocator assembly and maintenance protein 41 (Tam41/mitochondrial matrix protein 37) was identified as a new member of the mitochondrial protein translocator systems by its role in maintaining the integrity and activity of the presequence translocase of the inner membrane (TIM23 complex). Here we demonstrate that the assembly of proteins imported by the carrier translocase, TIM22 complex, is even more strongly affected by the lack of Tam41. Moreover, respiratory chain supercomplexes and the inner membrane potential are impaired by lack of Tam41. The phenotype of Tam41-deficient mitochondria thus resembles that of mitochondria lacking cardiolipin. Indeed, we found that Tam41 is required for the biosynthesis of the dimeric phospholipid cardiolipin. The pleiotropic effects of the translocator maintenance protein on preprotein import and respiratory chain can be attributed to its role in biosynthesis of mitochondrial cardiolipin

Study of polytopic membrane protein topological organization as a function of membrane lipid composition.

A protocol is described using lipid mutants and thiol-specific chemical reagents to study lipid-dependent and host-specific membrane protein topogenesis by the substituted-cysteine accessibility method as applied to transmembrane domains (SCAM). SCAM is adapted to follow changes in membrane protein topology as a function of changes in membrane lipid composition. The strategy described can be adapted to any membrane system