Social Media, Gender and the Mediatisation of War: Exploring the German Armed Forces’ Visual Representation of the Afghanistan Operation on Facebook

Studies on the mediatisation of war point to attempts of governments to regulate the visual perspective of their involvements in armed conflict – the most notable example being the practice of ‘embedded reporting’ in Iraq and Afghanistan. This paper focuses on a different strategy of visual meaning-making, namely, the publication of images on social media by armed forces themselves. Specifically, we argue that the mediatisation of war literature could profit from an increased engagement with feminist research, both within Critical Security/Critical Military Studies and within Science and Technology Studies that highlight the close connection between masculinity, technology and control. The article examines the German military mission in Afghanistan as represented on the German armed forces’ official Facebook page. Germany constitutes an interesting, and largely neglected, case for the growing literature on the mediatisation of war: its strong antimilitarist political culture makes the representation of war particularly delicate. The paper examines specific representational patterns of Germany’s involvement in Afghanistan and discusses the implications which arise from what is placed inside the frame of visibility and what remains out of its view

Etude expérimentale de la production de deutérons négatifs par double échange de charges dans le xénon

It is thought that additional heating of fusion plasma will result from D0 energetic beam injection in large plasma devices. Due to the fact that the conversion rate D+ to D0 rapidly decreases at high énergies, it seems that an interesting way to get these high energy neutrals should be : conversion of D+ to D-, acceleration of D- and further neutralization of D- to have D 0 at the desired energy. The efficiency of D+ to D- and D +2 to D- conversions at low énergies have been studied on a Xe gas target : it appears that D-/D+ conversion efficiency shows a smooth variation peaking slightly at 5 % for a D + energy of 5 keV. D-/D+2 increases up to 4 % at 12 keV and then decreases. It is shown that the agreement between sample calculation results and experimental values is quite fair for D -/D+.Dans la perspective du chauffage des plasmas de fusion, on envisage d'utiliser des faisceaux de deutérons D0 de grande énergie. Afin d'obtenir ces faisceaux, il convient de procéder à la conversion d'ions D+ en ions D-, ceux-ci devant être accélérés ultérieurement aux énergies intéressantes pour le chauffage. Les résultats présentés concernent donc l'évaluation du rendement de conversion D+ → D- et D+2 → D- en en fonction de l'énergie. La conversion D+/D- passe par un maximum à 6 keV (5 à 6 %), en accord raisonnable avec les estimations théoriques. La conversion D+2 /D- atteint une valeur de 2 à 3 % vers 12 keV. Pour ce dernier processus il n'existe pas, en l'état actuel, de modèle théorique. Les expériences ont été conduites dans le xénon, gaz cible du double échange de charge