12 research outputs found
Leading across cultures in the human age: an empirical investigation of intercultural competency among global leaders
âIn My Own Worldâ: A Case Study of a Paedophile's Thinking and Doing and His Use of the Internet
Post Scriptum: Tendency in Understanding the Foundations of Quantum Optics, Quantum Information, and Quantum Computing Technologiesâ
Womenâs agency and its relationship to current contraceptive use in lower- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the literature
Research shows a positive relationship between womenâs empowerment and reproductive health. Yet we know little about the quantitative relationship between womenâs agency and contraceptive use. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature assessing the link between womenâs decision-making and freedom of movement with their contraceptive use in lower- and middle-income countries. Of 102 articles that met the initial screening criteria, 12 met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 12 included studies, consistently positive associations with contraceptive use were found in those that measured decision-making and freedom of movement as separate constructs. Composite measures had a less clear relationship with contraceptive use. In conclusion, womenâs agency is associated with womenâs contraceptive use in lower- and middle-income countries. However, the relationship is sensitive to how agency and its components are measured. Our review suggests the need for consistent validation of scales for womenâs agency as well as more rigorous research using standardised and validated scales, when possible. Longitudinal and intervention studies in lower- and middle-income countries will be useful for understanding the causal impact of womenâs agency on contraceptive use, and will help to inform policies and programmes to increase contraceptive use in these settings