Nutritional Status, Breastfeeding, and Evolution of Infants with Acute Viral Bronchiolitis

Acute viral bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infectious disease of infancy. A prospective study was carried out with 175 infants aged up to six months to evaluate their nutritional and breastfeeding status as possible risk factors for unfavourable evolution of previously-healthy infants from a care hospital. Immunofluorescence test for virus and anthropometric assessment were performed. Outcomes were length of oxygen-use, length of hospital stay, and type of hospital unit needed. Seventy-three percent of the infants were well-nourished, 6% undernourished, 8.6% at a nutritional risk, 10.9% overweight, and 1.7% obese. Eighty-one percent of the undernourished and nutritionally at-risk infants and 72% of the well-nourished, overweight, and obese infants did not receive exclusive breastfeeding. The median length of hospital stay was four days and of oxygen-use was 60 hours. The nutritional status did not affect the clinical course of previously-healthy infants with acute viral brochiolitis. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding, but not type of breastfeeding, was inversely related to the length of oxygen-use and the length of hospital stay. Shorter exclusive breastfeeding was observed in infants who were assigned to a paediatric ward or to an intensive care unit. In conclusion, longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with better clinical outcomes

Nutritional Status, Breastfeeding, and Evolution of Infants with Acute Viral Bronchiolitis

Acute viral bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infectious disease of infancy. A prospective study was carried out with 175 infants aged up to six months to evaluate their nutritional and breastfeeding status as possible risk factors for unfavourable evolution of previously-healthy infants from a care hospital. Immunofluorescence test for virus and anthropometric assessment were performed. Outcomes were length of oxygen-use, length of hospital stay, and type of hospital unit needed. Seventy-three percent of the infants were well-nourished, 6% undernourished, 8.6% at a nutritional risk, 10.9% overweight, and 1.7% obese. Eighty-one percent of the undernourished and nutritionally at-risk infants and 72% of the well-nourished, overweight, and obese infants did not receive exclusive breastfeeding. The median length of hospital stay was four days and of oxygen-use was 60 hours. The nutritional status did not affect the clinical course of previously-healthy infants with acute viral brochiolitis. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding, but not type of breastfeeding, was inversely related to the length of oxygen-use and the length of hospital stay. Shorter exclusive breastfeeding was observed in infants who were assigned to a paediatric ward or to an intensive care unit. In conclusion, longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with better clinical outcomes

Avaliação nutricional em crianças e adolescentes com cirrose: estudo transversal de duas séries

Introdução: A cirrose caracteriza-se por uma alteração crônica do parênquima hepático que frequentemente leva à desnutrição em crianças e adolescentes. A intervenção nutricional deve ser feita precocemente, o que requer um cuidadoso acompanhamento desses pacientes. Objetivos: Comparar os resultados da avaliação nutricional de crianças e adolescentes cirróticos realizada em dois períodos de tempo distintos. Métodos: Foram utilizados bancos de dados oriundos de duas pesquisas conduzidas com pacientes pediátricos com cirrose. Após a aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 67 crianças e adolescentes foram avaliados em duas séries com intervalo de aproximadamente uma década entre elas. As duas séries tiveram as variáveis antropométricas estatura para idade (E/I) e dobra cutânea tricipital para idade (DCT/I) avaliadas de acordo com os padrões da Organização Mundial de Saúde. A gravidade da doença foi avaliada pelos modelos Pediatric End-stage Liver Disease (PELD)/ Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) e pelo escore Child-Pugh. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: Os resultados da avaliação do estado nutricional dos pacientes nas duas séries não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa. Na série 1, 22,6% dos pacientes apresentaram desnutrição, e 27,8% na série 2 (p = 0,955). Conclusões: Podemos concluir que nas duas séries avaliadas, separadas por aproximadamente uma década, o percentual de desnutrição e a gravidade da cirrose se mantiveram estáveis. Palavras-chave: Avaliação nutricional, criança, adolescente, cirrose

Ghrelin, leptin and insulin in healthy children: Relationship with anthropometry, gender, and age distribution

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to establish the relationship between total ghrelin, acyl ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin, leptin, and insulin with anthropometry, gender, and age distribution in healthy children.ResultsData from 111 healthy children aged 4months to 10years were studied. All the participants underwent a pre-study screening clinical evaluation and were separated in 3 age groups. All had blood collected to assay. Anthropometric parameters were measured according to World Health Organization. In order to determine the correlation between dependent and independent variables, a multiple linear regression analysis was used. Overall median age of subjects was 60.0months. After multiple regression analysis, correlation between total ghrelin, acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin remained significant with age. Correlation between leptin values and age, body mass index-for-age ratio, height-for-age ratio, and female gender remained significant. There was no significant correlation between insulin and ghrelin, and between insulin and leptin in all age groups. There was an inverse significant correlation between total ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin with leptin in the whole group.ConclusionsGhrelin showed an inverse correlation with age and leptin showed a direct correlation with anthropometric parameters and female gender in healthy children. Insulin did not show any correlation

Avaliação nutricional em crianças e adolescentes com cirrose: estudo transversal de duas séries

Introdução: A cirrose caracteriza-se por uma alteração crônica do parênquima hepático que frequentemente leva à desnutrição em crianças e adolescentes. A intervenção nutricional deve ser feita precocemente, o que requer um cuidadoso acompanhamento desses pacientes. Objetivos: Comparar os resultados da avaliação nutricional de crianças e adolescentes cirróticos realizada em dois períodos de tempo distintos. Métodos: Foram utilizados bancos de dados oriundos de duas pesquisas conduzidas com pacientes pediátricos com cirrose. Após a aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 67 crianças e adolescentes foram avaliados em duas séries com intervalo de aproximadamente uma década entre elas. As duas séries tiveram as variáveis antropométricas estatura para idade (E/I) e dobra cutânea tricipital para idade (DCT/I) avaliadas de acordo com os padrões da Organização Mundial de Saúde. A gravidade da doença foi avaliada pelos modelos Pediatric End-stage Liver Disease (PELD)/ Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) e pelo escore Child-Pugh. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: Os resultados da avaliação do estado nutricional dos pacientes nas duas séries não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa. Na série 1, 22,6% dos pacientes apresentaram desnutrição, e 27,8% na série 2 (p = 0,955). Conclusões: Podemos concluir que nas duas séries avaliadas, separadas por aproximadamente uma década, o percentual de desnutrição e a gravidade da cirrose se mantiveram estáveis. Palavras-chave: Avaliação nutricional, criança, adolescente, cirrose