L'économie de la RDA durant l'ère Honecker

Economie development in the GDR during the Honecker era The effects of the oil crisis of 1973 on the rise in world prices of raw materials, and on the increase in external debt led, inter alia, to a « cautious reform » which lasted until the fall of Honecker. The steps which were taken related just as much to industrial organization (with the Kombinat) and economic structure (with the accent on new technology) as to prices and central planning. However, this failed to bring about an overall efficiency in the ensemble of economic sectors, and led to some serious imbalances.Les conséquences du choc pétrolier de 1973 sur la hausse des prix mondiaux des matières premières et sur l'élévation de la dette extérieure mena, entre autres, à « une réforme a petits pas » qui dura jusqu'à la chute de Honecker. Les mesures prises concernèrent tout aussi bien l'organisation industrielle (avec les combinats), la structure économique (avec l'accent mis sur les nouvelles technologies) que les prix et la planification centrale. Ceci ne permit pas, toutefois, de rendre performants l'ensemble des secteurs de l'économie et mena à de graves déséquilibres.Cornelsen Doris. L'économie de la RDA durant l'ère Honecker. In: Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest, vol. 20, 1989, n°4. pp. 9-27

Ost-West-Oeffnung: Folgen und Herausforderungen fuer die deutschen Arbeitsmaerkte ; Dokumentation eines Symposiums

SIGLEAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Perestrojka und Glasnost

Includes 3 articlesAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel A 180889 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Migration Capacity and Viability of Human Primary Osteoblasts in Synthetic Three-dimensional Bone Scaffolds Made of Tricalciumphosphate

In current therapeutic strategies, bone defects are filled up by bone auto- or allografts. Since they are limited by insufficient availability and donor site morbidity, it is necessary to find an appropriate alternative of synthetic porous bone materials. Because of their osteoconductive characteristics, ceramic materials like tricalciumphosphate (TCP) are suitable to fill up bone defects. Another advantage of TCP implants is the ability of patient-specific engineering. Objective of the present in-vitro study was to analyze the migration capacity and viability of human primary osteoblasts in porous three-dimensional TCP scaffolds in a static cell culture. To obtain data of the cellular supply with nutrients and oxygen, we determined the oxygen concentration and the pH value within the 3D scaffold compared to the surrounding medium using microsensors. After eight days of cultivation we found cells on all four planes. During incubation, the oxygen concentration within the scaffold decreased by approximately 8%. Furthermore, we could not demonstrate an increasing acidification in the core of the TCP scaffold. Our results suggest that osteoblasts could migrate and survive within the macroporous TCP scaffolds. The selected size of the macropores prevents overgrowth of cells, whereby the oxygen and nutrients supply is sufficiently guaranteed