The effectiveness of the protective action of mineral adaptogen in respiratory diseases of broilers

There has been unrelenting interest of poultry farmers in feed additives that help to increase the viability of poultry, reduce mortality, and increase the absorption of feed. Adaptogens are such feed additives. Adaptogens increase nonspecific resistance, which has led to their use in poultry farming. However, their use in broiler feeding is limited. The reasons for the mortality of young animals are not only infections and violations in the technology of breeding, but also an increased concentration of harmful gases that can take the life of many chickens. Therefore, the search for new and effective means of protecting broilers is urgent. The aim of the study was: to determine the effectiveness of the pulmo-protective action of adaptogens in broiler feeding. Studies were carried out on arbor acres broilers to determine the effectiveness of the adaptogen as a protective drug, and to determine the efficiency of feeding and the safety of the broiler population when feeding the adaptogen. Micromorphological studies of the respiratory organs were carried out, features of the microstructure of the lungs were revealed with and without adaptogens. For the first time, the pulmo-protective effect of the fodder adaptogen against the background of disturbed microclimate parameters in the poultry house was histologically confirmed

Genetic identification of bovine leukaemia virus

Molecular genetic research methods make it possible to evaluate the genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and are the most informative approaches to its genetic identification. Molecular genetic research methods work well for the phylogenetic analysis of sequenced nucleotide DNA sequences of the provirus, as well as for the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) according to the phylogenetic classification of the pathogen. The purpose of the research was to study the scientific and methodological approaches to the genetic identification of bovine leukemia virus, integrated into the molecular monitoring of infection of cattle with BLV genotypes. The authors used PCR-RFLP-genotyping and comparative phylogenetic analysis of aligned nucleotide sequences of the env gene fragment of the BLV provirus isolates to detect the genotypic affiliation of the cattle from twenty-one livestock farms of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result, isolates of four out of ten BLV genotypes were found in the Tatarstani cattle, namely genotypes 1, 4, 7, and 8. The research involved a comparative analysis of 505 nucleotide sequences of a fragment of the BLV env gene, including those deposited in GenBank NCBI. The analysis confirms the inconsistency of several earlier PCR-RFLP typing strategies with the current approach in assessing the genotypic diversity by phylogenetic analysis. The improved strategy of PCR-RFLP genotyping of BLV corresponds with its modern phylogenetic classification. The strategy makes it possible to identify all the known genotypes of the viral pathogen. Its validity has been proved by in silico modelling of restrictogrammes and a phylogenetic analysis of the env gene fragment of 57 reference isolates of ten BLV genotypes that generate 57 genotype-associated combinations of diagnostically significant PCR-RFLP profiles

A Review of the Effects and Production of Spore-Forming Probiotics for Poultry

One of the main problems in the poultry industry is the search for a viable replacement for antibiotic growth promoters. This issue requires a “one health” approach because the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in poultry can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which is a concern not only in animals, but for humans as well. One of the promising ways to overcome this challenge is found in probiotics due to their wide range of features and mechanisms of action for health promotion. Moreover, spore-forming probiotics are suitable for use in the poultry industry because of their unique ability, encapsulation, granting them protection from the harshest conditions and resulting in improved availability for hosts’ organisms. This review summarizes the information on gastrointestinal tract microbiota of poultry and their interaction with commensal and probiotic spore-forming bacteria. One of the most important topics of this review is the absence of uniformity in spore-forming probiotic trials in poultry. In our opinion, this problem can be solved by the creation of standards and checklists for these kinds of trials such as those used for pre-clinical and clinical trials in human medicine. Last but not least, this review covers problems and challenges related to spore-forming probiotic manufacturing