POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF PRIMARY THALAMIC HAEMORRHAGE IN NEWBORN

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25710/1/0000264.pd

Prospective prevention of neonatal hyperammonaemia in argininosuccinic acidura by arginine therapy

Argininosuccinic aciduria, due to deficiency of argininosuccinic acid lyase, is generally associated with severe neonatal hyperammonaemia and its neurological sequelae. The cases of two siblings with this autosomal recessive disorder are presented. Both infants were preterm and delivered by Caesarean section for maternal pre-eclampsia. The first infant was not diagnosed until after the development of severe hyperammonaemia and, despite adequate treatment with haemodialysis and arginine infusion, remained comatose for a prolonged period. At 20 months she has profound developmental delays and intellectual impairment. The second infant, whose diagnosis was made antenatally by amniotic fluid analysis, was treated with arginine infusion beginning at 32 h of life and never developed hyperammonaemia. We conclude that early recognition and prompt institution of arginine therapy is an effective regimen for the prevention of neonatal hyperammonaemia in argininosuccinic aciduria.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42501/1/10545_2005_Article_BF01805478.pd

Mechanism of endotracheal tube movement with change of head position in the neonate

The mechanism of alteration of endotracheal tube position with movement of the head and neck in the neonate was studied in a term newborn cadaver. The infant was intubated and serial radiographs were obtained with the head and neck in different positions. We propose that the skull acts as a lever arm from the anterior end of the maxilla to the first cervical vertebra. The fulcrum for movement of this lever arm is the upper cervical spine. Movement of the endotracheal tube in the trachea is directed by the maxillocervical lever arm when the skull and upper cervical spine are flexed, extended, or rotated.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46723/1/247_2004_Article_BF00973968.pd

Prospective Evaluation of Two Dosing Equations for Theophylline in Premature Infants

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90141/1/j.1875-9114.1996.tb02995.x.pd

Accuracy and Reliability of Dosing Equations to Individualize Theophylline Treatment of Apnea of Prematurity

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90103/1/j.1875-9114.1995.tb04360.x.pd

Antenatal ultrasound findings in cystic adenomatoid malformation

A case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is presented with prenatal ultrasound findings. The present case appears to be the third instance reported in which the diagnosis was made antenatally by ultrasound, and the first which resulted in a live birth, although the patient succumbed to pulmonary hypoplasia.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46681/1/247_2004_Article_BF00975197.pd

DEXAMETHASONE FOR BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25132/1/0000565.pd

PHENOBARBITONE AND NEONATAL INTRAVENTRICULAR HAEMORRHAGE

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23977/1/0000226.pd

PREVENTION OF INTRAVENTRICULAR HAEMORRHAGE IN PRETERM INFANTS BY PHENOBARBITONE : A Controlled Trial

Sixty infants with birth-weights less than 1500 g and who were less than 6 h old were randomly assigned to a group given phenobarbitone or a control group. Intravenous phenobarbitone was given in doses sufficient to achieve anticonvulsant serum levels within 12-18 h. Maintenance therapy was continued for one week. Periventricular/intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) occurred in 133% (4/30) of the phenobarbitone group and in 46.7% (14/30) of the control group. The occurrence of risk factors related to IVH was similar in the two groups. Phenobarbitone may reduce the incidence of IVH in small preterm infants.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24291/1/0000557.pd

A comparison of proximal and distal high-frequency jet ventilation in an experimental animal model

High-frequency jet ventilation using either a proximal or a distal endotracheal injection site through a triple-lumen endotracheal tube was studied in 10 adult cats. The comparative effects on pulmonary gas exchange, tracheal pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure were examined for each injection site at both high (8–12 pounds per square inch [PSI] and low (5–8 PSI) jet-driving pressures in normal and lung-injured cats. Lung injury was created by modification of a surfactant washout technique previously demonstrated in rabbits. Alveolar ventilation (Paco 2 ) was found to be significantly better with distal than with proximal jet injection under all experimental conditions. At high jet-driving pressures, peak inspiratory pressure was higher in both normal (p = 0.03) and lung-injured cats (p = 0.002) with distal high-frequency jet ventilation. In addition, lung-injured animals were observed to have higher distal mean airway pressures at high jet-driving pressures (p < 0.01). No differences in oxygenation were found in any circumstances. The results of this animal study suggest that distal high-frequency jet ventilation may be more effective in those situations in which improvement in alveolar ventilation is the major goal and that during proximal high-frequency jet ventilation airway pressures should be monitored as far distally as possible.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/38592/1/1950020410_ftp.pd