Fuzzy-Bayesian-network-based Safety Risk Analysis in Railway Passenger Transport

This study presents a fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN) method to analyze the influence on the safety risk of railway passenger transport applying different risk control strategies. Based on the fuzzy probability of the basic event determined by the expert group decision method, the proposed FBN method can reasonably predict the probability of railway passenger safety risk. It is also proven that control the risk in the safety management of railway passenger transport will be the most effective way to reduce the risk probability of the railway passenger transport safety

Optimization Model of Taxi Fleet Size Based on GPS Tracking Data

reasonable taxi fleet size has a significant impact on the satisfaction of urban traffic demand, the alleviation of urban traffic congestion, and the stability of taxi business groups. Most existing studies measure the overall scale by using macro indices, and few studies are from the micro level. To meet the transportation demand for taxis, mitigating the mismatch between taxi supply and demand, this research proposes an urban taxi fleet size calculating model based on GPS tracking data. Firstly, on the basis of road network segmentation, the probability model of a passenger taxi-taking a road section as a unit is built to evaluate the difficulty of taxi-taking on a road section. Furthermore, a user queuing model is built for the &ldquo difficult to take a taxi&rdquo road section in the peak period, and the service mileage required by potential taxi users is calculated. After that, a transportation capacity measurement model is built to estimate the number of taxis required in different time periods, Finally, the income constraint model is used to explain the impact of different vehicle fleet sizes on the income of taxi groups, so as to provide a reference for the determination of the final fleet size. The model is applied to data from Xi&rsquo an. The calculation results are based on data from May 2014, and show that the scale of taxi demand is about 654&ndash 2237, and after considering the impact of different fleet size increases on income, when the income variation index is limited to 0.10, i.e., the decrease of drivers&rsquo income will not exceed 10%, an increase of 1286 taxis will be able to meet 66% of the unmet demand in the peak period. The conclusion indicates that the model can effectively calculate the required fleet size and formulate the constraint solutions. This method provided can be considered as a support for formulating the regulation strategy of an urban taxi fleet size. Document type: Articl

Study on Stability and Elastic Properties of β-TiX (X=Nb, Ta) Alloys From First-Principles Calculations

In this article, the phase stability, elastic properties, and electronic structure of the β-TiX (X = Nb, Ta) alloy body-centered cubic (bcc) structure were systematically studied with the aid of first-principles calculations. The results show that the phase stability and elastic properties of the β-TiX alloys are closely related to the contents of alloying element X. For β-TiX alloys, the contents of Nb and Ta that satisfy their mechanical stability are 10% and 13%, respectively; at room temperature, both β-TiNb and β-TiTa alloys can reach a thermodynamically stable state when the content of Nb or Ta is 25%. In terms of elastic properties, the content of alloying element X is positively correlated with the elastic constant, Young’s modulus, and shear modulus of the β-TiX alloys. The elastic modulus reaches its minimum when the X content is 25%, and the smallest direction of Young’s modulus appears in the <111> direction. The calculation results of the electronic structure show that the bonding strength between the Ti atom and X atom increases with the content of alloying element X, which leads to improvement of phase stability and elastic modulus

Integrating omics reveals that miRNA-guided genetic regulation on plant hormone level and defense response pathways shape resistance to Cladosporium fulvum in the tomato Cf-10-gene-carrying line

Invasion of C. fulvum causes the most serious diseases affecting the reproduction of tomatoes. Cf-10-gene-carrying line showed remarkable resistance to Cladosporium fulvum. To exploit its defense response mechanism, we performed a multiple-omics profiling of Cf-10-gene-carrying line and a susceptible line without carrying any resistance genes at non-inoculation and 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) of C. fulvum. We detected 54 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between the non-inoculation and 3 dpi in the Cf-10-gene-carrying line, which potentially regulated plant-pathogen interaction pathways and hormone signaling pathways. We also revealed 3,016 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the non-inoculated and 3 dpi in the Cf-10-gene-carrying line whose functions enriched in pathways that were potentially regulated by the DE-miRNAs. Integrating DE-miRNAs, gene expression and plant-hormone metabolites indicated a regulation network where the downregulation of miRNAs at 3 dpi activated crucial resistance genes to trigger host hypersensitive cell death, improved hormone levels and upregulated the receptors/critical responsive transcription factors (TFs) of plant hormones, to shape immunity to the pathogen. Notably, our transcriptome, miRNA and hormone metabolites profiling and qPCR analysis suggested that that the downregulation of miR9472 potentially upregulated the expression of SAR Deficient 1 (SARD1), a key regulator for ICS1 (Isochorismate Synthase 1) induction and salicylic acid (SA) synthesis, to improve the level of SA in the Cf-10-gene-carrying line. Our results exploited potential regulatory network and new pathways underlying the resistance to C. fulvum in Cf-10-gene-carrying line, providing a more comprehensive genetic circuit and valuable gene targets for modulating resistance to the virus

Efficient removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution by pinecone biochar: Sorption performance and governing mechanisms

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most harmful and widespread environmental pollutants. Despite decades-long research efforts, the remediation of water contaminated by Cd has remained a significant challenge. A novel carbon material, pinecone biochar, was previously hypothesized to be a promising adsorbent for Cd, while so far, it has received little attention. This study evaluated the sorption capacity of pinecone biochar through isotherm experiments. Based on Langmuir model, the adsorption maximum for Cd(II) was up to 92.7 mg g−1. The mechanism of Cd(II) adsorption on pinecone biochar was also explored through both thermodynamic and kinetics adsorption experiments, as well as both solution and solid-phase microstructure characterization. The solid-solution partitioning behaviour of Cd(II) fitted best with the Tόth model while the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order rate, suggesting that the Cd(II) adsorption on the pinecone biochar was mainly a chemisorption process. Microstructure characteristics and mechanism analysis further suggested that coprecipitation and surface complexation were the main mechanisms of Cd adsorption by biochar. Coprecipitation occurred mainly through the forms of Cd(OH)2 and CdCO3. Our results demonstrated that pinecone biochar was an efficient adsorbent which holds a huge potential for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution

Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Knock-out Rabbit Model for Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1.

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a severe human autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydroxylase (FAH), an enzyme catalyzing the last step in the tyrosine degradation pathway. Lack of FAH causes accumulation of toxic metabolites (fumarylacetoacetate and succinylacetone) in blood and tissues, ultimately resulting in severe liver and kidney damage with onset that ranges from infancy to adolescence. This tissue damage is lethal but can be controlled by administration of 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC), which inhibits tyrosine catabolism upstream of the generation of fumarylacetoacetate and succinylacetone. Notably, in animals lacking FAH, transient withdrawal of NTBC can be used to induce liver damage and a concomitant regenerative response that stimulates the growth of healthy hepatocytes. Among other things, this model has raised tremendous interest for the in vivo expansion of human primary hepatocytes inside these animals and for exploring experimental gene therapy and cell-based therapies. Here, we report the generation of FAH knock-out rabbits via pronuclear stage embryo microinjection of transcription activator-like effector nucleases. FAH-/- rabbits exhibit phenotypic features of HT1 including liver and kidney abnormalities but additionally develop frequent ocular manifestations likely caused by local accumulation of tyrosine upon NTBC administration. We also show that allogeneic transplantation of wild-type rabbit primary hepatocytes into FAH-/- rabbits enables highly efficient liver repopulation and prevents liver insufficiency and death. Because of significant advantages over rodents and their ease of breeding, maintenance, and manipulation compared with larger animals including pigs, FAH-/- rabbits are an attractive alternative for modeling the consequences of HT1.Wellcome Trus

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the five-year risk of revascularization for non-culprit lesion progression in STEMI patients after primary PCI

BackgroundAcute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after primary PCI were readmitted for revascularization due to non-culprit lesion (NCL) progression.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a nomogram that can accurately predict the likelihood of NCL progression revascularization in STEMI patients following primary PCI.MethodsThe study enrolled 1,612 STEMI patients after primary PCI in our hospital from June 2009 to June 2018. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The independent risk factors were determined by LASSO regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to develop a nomogram, which was then evaluated for its performance using the concordance statistics, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe nomogram was composed of five predictors, including age (OR: 1.007 95% CI: 1.005–1.009, P < 0.001), body mass index (OR: 1.476, 95% CI: 1.363–1.600, P < 0.001), triglyceride and glucose index (OR: 1.050, 95% CI: 1.022–1.079, P < 0.001), Killip classification (OR: 1.594, 95% CI: 1.140–2.229, P = 0.006), and serum creatinine (OR: 1.007, 95% CI: 1.005–1.009, P < 0.001). Both the training and validation groups accurately predicted the occurrence of NCL progression revascularization (The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values, 0.901 and 0.857). The calibration plots indicated an excellent agreement between prediction and observation in both sets. Furthermore, the DCA demonstrated that the model exhibited clinical efficacy.ConclusionA convenient and accurate nomogram was developed and validated for predicting the occurrence of NCL progression revascularization in STEMI patients after primary PCI

A Novel Docetaxel-Loaded Poly (ε-Caprolactone)/Pluronic F68 Nanoparticle Overcoming Multidrug Resistance for Breast Cancer Treatment

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells is a significant obstacle to the success of chemotherapy in many cancers. The purpose of this research is to test the possibility of docetaxel-loaded poly (ε-caprolactone)/Pluronic F68 (PCL/Pluronic F68) nanoparticles to overcome MDR in docetaxel-resistance human breast cancer cell line. Docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by modified solvent displacement method using commercial PCL and self-synthesized PCL/Pluronic F68, respectively. PCL/Pluronic F68 nanoparticles were found to be of spherical shape with a rough and porous surface. The nanoparticles had an average size of around 200 nm with a narrow size distribution. The in vitro drug release profile of both nanoparticle formulations showed a biphasic release pattern. There was an increased level of uptake of PCL/Pluronic F68 nanoparticles in docetaxel-resistance human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 TAX30, when compared with PCL nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of PCL nanoparticles was higher than commercial Taxotere®in the MCF-7 TAX30 cell culture, but the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). However, the PCL/Pluronic F68 nanoparticles achieved significantly higher level of cytotoxicity than both of PCL nanoparticles and Taxotere®(p < 0.05), indicating docetaxel-loaded PCL/Pluronic F68 nanoparticles could overcome multidrug resistance in human breast cancer cells and therefore have considerable potential for treatment of breast cancer

Critical current density: Measurements vs. reality

Different experimental techniques are employed to evaluate the critical current density (Jc), namely transport current measurements and two different magnetisation measurements forming quasi-equilibrium and dynamic critical states. Our technique-dependent results for superconducting YBa 2Cu3O7 (YBCO) film and MgB2 bulk samples show an extremely high sensitivity of Jc and associated interpretations, such as irreversibility fields and Kramer plots, which lose meaning without a universal approach. We propose such approach for YBCO films based on their unique pinning features. This approach allows us to accurately recalculate the magnetic-field-dependent Jc obtained by any technique into the Jc behaviour, which would have been measured by any other method without performing the corresponding experiments. We also discovered low-frequency-dependent phenomena, governing flux dynamics, but contradicting the considered ones in the literature. The understanding of these phenomena, relevant to applications with moving superconductors, can clarify their dramatic impact on the electric-field criterion through flux diffusivity and corresponding measurements. © Copyright EPLA, 2013