Applying the Convolutional Neural Network Deep Learning Technology to Behavioural Recognition in Intelligent Video

In order to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of abnormal behaviour identification in massive video monitoring data, the authors design intelligent video technology based on convolutional neural network deep learning and apply it to the smart city on the basis of summarizing video development technology. First, the technical framework of intelligent video monitoring algorithm is divided into bottom (object detection), middle (object identification) and high (behaviour analysis) layers. The object detection based on background modelling is applied to routine real-time detection and early warning. The object detection based on object modelling is applied to after-event data query and retrieval. The related optical flow algorithms are used to achieve the identification and detection of abnormal behaviours. In order to improve the accuracy, effectiveness and intelligence of identification, the deep learning technology based on convolutional neural network is applied to enhance the learning and identification ability of learning machine and realize the real-time upgrade of intelligence video’s "brain". This research has a good popularization value in the application field of intelligent video technology

Assessing the effectiveness of national park’s policies and laws in promoting biodiversity conservation and ecological development in Pakistan

Ecological history is crucial in ecosystem restoration, serving as a tool to identify and characterize suitable restoration targets. Pakistan has implemented laws and policies to enhance forest sustainability and preserve biodiversity, as it is becoming a global strategy for future water planning and management. This study seeks to analyze the impact of national park policies and laws on various factors, including biodiversity conservation, ecological processes preservation, water resource protection, consumptive and non-consumptive benefits, research and education, and the promotion of recreation and tourism. To assess the effectiveness of established policies in 19 National Parks in Pakistan, a mixed-mode research design was utilized, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data was collected from 300 participants through a close-ended questionnaire employing a Likert scale. Analysis of the collected data was conducted using the software Smart Partial Least Squares method. The findings demonstrate that the existing policies and laws have contributed to the preservation of forest sustainability in Pakistan. The policies related to recreation and tourism; consumptive benefits; and research are more effective respectively compared to other sets of regulations. The laws and policies related to preservation of ecological processes are least effective. The study suggests that laws related to national parks need to be revised to preserve biodiversity and ecological processes. The preservation of water resources should be a major concern, and the consumptive benefits of these parks should be rechecked. Awareness campaigns are to be part of the expansionary policy framework, and while tourism opportunities should be created, a check on natural resource misuse should be implemented. The non-consumptive benefits of these parks should also be assessed. Due to its potential limitations, such as limited stakeholder analysis, difficulty in creating legitimacy in national parks due to bureaucratic structures, lack of community sensitization, and long-term trends in sustainable conservation strategies, there are certain future research directions that can address challenges in studying the impact of policies on national park habitats. There is a pressing demand for a more dynamic approach to ecological policymaking. Continuous evaluation and adaptation of policies will be essential in creating an environment conducive to sustainable development

Biofunctionalization of metallic implants by calcium phosphate coatings

Article provides a brief summary of state-of-art of surface biofunctionalization on implantable metals by CaP coatings

Photochemical origin of SiC2_2 in the circumstellar envelope of carbon-rich AGB stars revealed by ALMA

Whether SiC$_2$ is a parent species, that is formed in the photosphere or as a by-product of high-temperature dust formation, or a daughter species, formed in a chemistry driven by the photodestruction of parent species in the outer envelope, has been debated for a long time. Here, we analyze the ALMA observations of four SiC$_2$ transitions in the CSEs of three C-rich AGB stars (AI Vol, II Lup, and RAFGL 4211), and found that SiC$_2$ exhibits an annular, shell-like distribution in these targets, suggesting that SiC$_2$ can be a daughter species in the CSEs of carbon-rich AGB stars. The results can provide important references for future chemical models.Comment: Accepted in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Science

Single-cell analysis reveals the COL11A1+ fibroblasts are cancer-specific fibroblasts that promote tumor progression

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor progression through extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and extensive communication with other cells in tumor microenvironment. However, most CAF-targeting strategies failed in clinical trials due to the heterogeneity of CAFs. Hence, we aimed to identify the cluster of tumor-promoting CAFs, elucidate their function and determine their specific membrane markers to ensure precise targeting.Methods: We integrated multiple single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets across different tumors and adjacent normal tissues to identify the tumor-promoting CAF cluster. We analyzed the origin of these CAFs by pseudotime analysis, and tried to elucidate the function of these CAFs by gene regulatory network analysis and cell-cell communication analysis. We also performed cell-type deconvolution analysis to examine the association between the proportion of these CAFs and patients’ prognosis in TCGA cancer cohorts, and validated that through IHC staining in clinical tumor tissues. In addition, we analyzed the membrane molecules in different fibroblast clusters, trying to identify the membrane molecules that were specifically expressed on these CAFs.Results: We found that COL11A1+ fibroblasts specifically exist in tumor tissues but not in normal tissues and named them cancer-specific fibroblasts (CSFs). We revealed that these CSFs were transformed from normal fibroblasts. CSFs represented a more activated CAF cluster and may promote tumor progression through the regulation on ECM remodeling and antitumor immune responses. High CSF proportion was associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer (BCa) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and IHC staining of COL11A1 confirmed their specific expression in tumor stroma in clinical BCa samples. We also identified that CSFs specifically express the membrane molecules LRRC15, ITGA11, SPHK1 and FAP, which could distinguish CSFs from other fibroblasts.Conclusion: We identified that CSFs is a tumor specific cluster of fibroblasts, which are in active state, may promote tumor progression through the regulation on ECM remodeling and antitumor immune responses. Membrane molecules LRRC15, ITGA11, SPHK1 and FAP could be used as therapeutic targets for CSF-targeting cancer treatment

Physical and Antibacterial Properties of Sodium Alginate—Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Films Containing Lactococcus lactis

Edible films have gradually become a research focus for food packaging materials due to a variety of benefits, including environmental friendliness, good barrier properties, and good carrying capacity. In this experimental study, we used sodium alginate as a film-forming substrate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a modifier, and glycerol as a plasticizer, then Lactococcus lactis was added to film solutions to form bacteriostatic films via the tape casting method. With the addition of Lactococcus lactis, the films did not significantly change thickness, while the transparency decreased and a significant increase in red and yellow hues was observed. Meanwhile, the dispersion of bacterial cells in film solutions destroyed intermolecular interactions in the solutions during film formation and increased the volume of voids in the Lactococcus lactis-containing films, thereby slightly decreasing the tensile strength of the films, but significantly increasing water vapor permeability. Moreover, the films with added Lactococcus lactis showed significant bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 4 °C. In a seven-day bacteriostatic test, the films with Lactococcus lactis added at a level of 1.5 g/100 g resulted in a decrease in the viable cell count of Staphylococcus aureus by at least four logarithmic units. This study of Lactococcus lactis-containing films has provided a new method and strategy for antibacterial preservation of foods