Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation for Driving Scenes

State-of-the-art techniques in weakly-supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) using image-level labels exhibit severe performance degradation on driving scene datasets such as Cityscapes. To address this challenge, we develop a new WSSS framework tailored to driving scene datasets. Based on extensive analysis of dataset characteristics, we employ Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) as our baseline to obtain pseudo-masks. However, CLIP introduces two key challenges: (1) pseudo-masks from CLIP lack in representing small object classes, and (2) these masks contain notable noise. We propose solutions for each issue as follows. (1) We devise Global-Local View Training that seamlessly incorporates small-scale patches during model training, thereby enhancing the model's capability to handle small-sized yet critical objects in driving scenes (e.g., traffic light). (2) We introduce Consistency-Aware Region Balancing (CARB), a novel technique that discerns reliable and noisy regions through evaluating the consistency between CLIP masks and segmentation predictions. It prioritizes reliable pixels over noisy pixels via adaptive loss weighting. Notably, the proposed method achieves 51.8\% mIoU on the Cityscapes test dataset, showcasing its potential as a strong WSSS baseline on driving scene datasets. Experimental results on CamVid and WildDash2 demonstrate the effectiveness of our method across diverse datasets, even with small-scale datasets or visually challenging conditions. The code is available at https://github.com/k0u-id/CARB.Comment: AAAI 2024 accepted. First two authors contributed equall

What is Store Window Creativity? The Effect of Store Window Creativity on Window Attitude and Intention to Visit a Store

The current research attempts to investigate the multi-dimensional structure of creativity in store window displays based on originality and relevance and its effect on customer responses

Meteorological and sea surface water measurement data from Icebreaker Research Vessel ARAON for 2010-2019 Arctic research expeditions

Despite of its economic and scientific significances with mineral resources, the Northern Sea Routes, and climate change, the Arctic Ocean has been a challenge for long-term continuous environmental observations. Since its inception in 2009, the ice-breaker research vessel ARAON has been conducting an annual expedition in the Arctic Ocean for the last 10 years from 2010. All the Arctic expeditions have been carried out mainly in August-September when the sea ice extent shrinks and the thickness becomes relatively thin around the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, and high latitudes over the Russia, the US, and Canada. IBRV ARAON can conduct research activities through a variety of research equipment such as on-board meteorological data and surface temperature & salinity monitoring data of seawater. In this study, meteorological observation elements including solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction are presented. In addition, sea surface water temperature and salinity monitoring elements including water temperature, salinity, conductivity, and sound speed are presented

Photometric Selection of Unobscured QSOs in the Ecliptic Poles: KMTNet in the South Field and Pan-STARRS in the North Field

We search for quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) in a wide area of the south ecliptic pole (SEP) field, which has been and will continue to be intensively explored through various space missions. For this purpose, we obtain deep broadband optical images of the SEP field covering an area of $\sim$$14.5\times14.5$ deg$^2$ with the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network. The 5$\sigma$ detection limits for point sources in the $BVRI$ bands are estimated to be $\sim$22.59, 22.60, 22.98, and 21.85 mag, respectively. Utilizing data from Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, unobscured QSO candidates are selected among the optically point-like sources using the mid-infrared (MIR) and optical-MIR colors. To further refine our selection and eliminate any contamination not adequately removed by the color-based selection, we perform the spectral energy distribution fitting with archival photometric data ranging from optical to MIR. As a result, we identify a total of 2,383 unobscured QSO candidates in the SEP field. We also apply a similar method to the north ecliptic pole field using the Pan-STARRS data and obtain a similar result of identifying 2,427 candidates. The differential number count per area of our QSO candidates is in good agreement with those measured from spectroscopically confirmed ones in other fields. Finally, we compare the results with the literature and discuss how this work will be implicated in future studies, especially with the upcoming space missions.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

High performance carbon nanotubes thin film transistors by selective ferric chloride doping

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have been a significant research topic as active layers for thin film transistors (TFTs) due to their high charge carrier mobility beyond that of crystalline silicon. In this study, we report an effective approach to achieve a very high field-effect mobility and on/off ratio for solution processed semiconducting SWNT TFTs, by selective doping through contact with a thin ferric chloride (FeCl3) dopant layer. The semiconducting layer is formed by a double spin coating of the highly purified (>99%) high pressure carbon mono oxide (HiPCO) SWNT sorted by wrapping of poly (3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3DDT). In order to achieve effective hole injection from the top Au source electrode without increasing the off-state drain current, less purified (98-99%) SWNTs produced by the plasma discharge process sorted by wrapping of poly (9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorene) (PFDD) are formed on the top of HiPCO film. Significantly improved TFT performance is achieved by the insertion of a few nanometers of a FeCl3 dopant layer at the semiconductor-contact interface. A significant high hole field-effect of 48.35 +/- 3.11 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) (bare: 6.18 +/- 0.87 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1)) with a reasonable on/off current ratio of 10(5), and low off current of similar to 80 pA, are obtained by controlling the concentration of FeCl3 dopant (thickness = 1.5 nm) at the contact. Mobility is improved further at 2.5 nm thickness of the FeCl3 dopant layer resulting in a hole mobility of 177 +/- 13.2 cm(2) V(-1)s(-1), an on/off ratio of 7.4 x 10(3), and off state current of 1.2 x 10(-9) A

Search for Optically Dark Infrared Galaxies without Counterparts of Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey Field

We present the physical properties of AKARI sources without optical counterparts in optical images from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru telescope. Using the AKARI infrared (IR) source catalog and HSC optical catalog, we select 583 objects that do not have HSC counterparts in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole wide survey field (~5 deg2). Because the HSC limiting magnitude is deep (gAB ~ 28.6), these are good candidates for extremely red star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and/or active galactic nuclei (AGNs), possibly at high redshifts. We compile multiwavelength data out to 500 μm and use them for fitting the spectral energy distribution with CIGALE to investigate the physical properties of AKARI galaxies without optical counterparts. We also compare their physical quantities with AKARI mid-IR selected galaxies with HSC counterparts. The estimated redshifts of AKARI objects without HSC counterparts range up to z ~ 4, significantly higher than for AKARI objects with HSC counterparts. We find that (i) 3.6 – 4.5 μm color, (ii) AGN luminosity, (iii) stellar mass, (iv) star formation rate, and (v) V-band dust attenuation in the interstellar medium of AKARI objects without HSC counterparts are systematically larger than those of AKARI objects with counterparts. These results suggest that our sample includes luminous, heavily dust-obscured SFGs/AGNs at z ~ 1–4 that are missed by previous optical surveys, providing very interesting targets for the coming era of the James Webb Space Telescope

NEPSC2, the North Ecliptic Pole SCUBA-2 survey: 850-<i>μ</i>m map and catalogue of 850-<i>μ</i>m selected sources over 2 deg²

Abstract We present an 850-μm mosaic map and extracted catalogue of submillimetre sources in the extended North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) region over about 2 deg2. The 850-μm map is constructed using newly obtained observations by SCUBA-2 at the East Asian Observatory’s James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, carried out using the observatory’s large programme opportunities. The recent 850-μm survey has extended the submillimetre data coverage by almost a factor of 4 compared to previous surveys, with a depth of σrms = 1.0–2.3 mJy beam−1. The catalogue contains 549 sources selected above a significance level of 4σ, where the false-detection rate is 10 per cent; a higher threshold of 4.5σ is required in order to achieve a false-detection rate below 3 per cent, which results in 342 sources being selected. Despite the large spatial variation of the noise, the deboosted flux density of sources is comparable to results from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS), which covered the central 0.6 deg2 of our survey area with better sensitivity. We construct the source counts at 850 μm, finding results in agreement with other 850-μm surveys in cosmological blank fields over S850 = 4–15 mJy. We find a slight excess of bright galaxies (S850 > 15 mJy), which can be considered to be at ɀphot = 2–4. The 850-μm data adds valuable long-wavelength information to mid-infrared-selected sources from the AKARI NEP-deep and NEP-wide surveys, which will be helpful in preparing for future near-infrared to millimetre wavelength observations in the NEP region. Our 850-μm mosaic map and source catalogue will be made publicly available

Optically detected galaxy cluster candidates in the <i>AKARI</i> North Ecliptic Pole field based on photometric redshift from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam

Galaxy clusters provide an excellent probe in various research fields in astrophysics and cosmology. However, the number of galaxy clusters detected so far in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) field is limited. In this work, we provide galaxy cluster candidates in the AKARI NEP field with the minimum requisites based only on the coordinates and photometric redshift (photo-z) of galaxies. We used galaxies detected in five optical bands (g, r, i, z, and Y) by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC), with additional data from the u band obtained from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) MegaPrime/MegaCam, and from the IRAC1 and IRAC2 bands from the Spitzer space telescope for photo-z estimation. We calculated the local density around every galaxy using the 10th-nearest neighbourhood. Cluster candidates were determined by applying the friends-of-friends algorithm to over-densities. A total of 88 cluster candidates containing 4390 member galaxies below redshift 1.1 in 5.4 deg2 were identified. The reliability of our method was examined through false-detection tests, redshift-uncertainty tests, and applications on the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) data, giving false-detection rates of 0.01 to 0.05 and a recovery rate of 0.9 at high richness. Three X-ray clusters previously observed by ROSAT and Chandra were recovered. The cluster galaxies show a higher stellar mass and lower star formation rate compared with the field galaxies in two-sample Z-tests. These cluster candidates are useful for environmental studies of galaxy evolution and future astronomical surveys in the NEP, where AKARI has performed unique nine-band mid-infrared photometry for tens of thousands of galaxies

A patient fatality following the ingestion of a small amount of chlorfenapyr

Chlorfenapyr has been used worldwide for agricultural pest control since 1995. Despite its widespread use, acute human poisoning data are insufficient; only a small number of fatalities from chlorfenapyr poisoning have been reported. The signs and symptoms of chlorfenapyr toxicity include nausea, vomiting, fever, rhabdomyolysis, among others. In addition, central nervous system effects in association with delayed toxicity have also been observed. Here, we detail a fatality resulting from delayed chlorfenapyr toxicity following the ingestion of a small amount of pesticide