Systems thinking in the management of Korean economic crisis

After the unanticipated financial crisis of Korea in 1997, lots of debates have been held on why and how it came upon. Most of debates including hearings of National Assembly focused their attention on why policy makers could not forecast and avoid the financial cirsis. No one, if any, asks whether or not there were systems thinking in the mind of economic policy makers, what was their theory in action that failed in managing the national financial crisis. This paper explores causal maps and systems thinking of the President of Korea who successfully managed the financial crisis. In this paper the causal map analysis of policy makers is proposed as a promising approach for in-depth investigation of systems thinking of policy makers

The capital market consolidation act and the Korean financial market

노트 : A publication of the Korea Economic Institute and the Korea Institute for International Economic Polic

Extensive Structural Variations Between Mitochondrial Genomes of CMS and Normal Peppers (Capsicum Annuum L.) Revealed by Complete Nucleotide Sequencing

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an inability to produce functional pollen that is caused by mutation of the mitochondrial genome. Comparative analyses of mitochondrial genomes of lines with and without CMS in several species have revealed structural differences between genomes, including extensive rearrangements caused by recombination. However, the mitochondrial genome structure and the DNA rearrangements that may be related to CMS have not been characterized in Capsicum spp. Results: We obtained the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the pepper CMS line FS4401 (507,452 bp) and the fertile line Jeju (511,530 bp). Comparative analysis between mitochondrial genomes of peppers and tobacco that are included in Solanaceae revealed extensive DNA rearrangements and poor conservation in non-coding DNA. In comparison between pepper lines, FS4401 and Jeju mitochondrial DNAs contained the same complement of protein coding genes except for one additional copy of an atp6 gene (psi atp6-2) in FS4401. In terms of genome structure, we found eighteen syntenic blocks in the two mitochondrial genomes, which have been rearranged in each genome. By contrast, sequences between syntenic blocks, which were specific to each line, accounted for 30,380 and 17,847 bp in FS4401 and Jeju, respectively. The previously-reported CMS candidate genes, orf507 and psi atp6-2, were located on the edges of the largest sequence segments that were specific to FS4401. In this region, large number of small sequence segments which were absent or found on different locations in Jeju mitochondrial genome were combined together. The incorporation of repeats and overlapping of connected sequence segments by a few nucleotides implied that extensive rearrangements by homologous recombination might be involved in evolution of this region. Further analysis using mtDNA pairs from other plant species revealed common features of DNA regions around CMS-associated genes. Conclusions: Although large portion of sequence context was shared by mitochondrial genomes of CMS and male-fertile pepper lines, extensive genome rearrangements were detected. CMS candidate genes located on the edges of highly-rearranged CMS-specific DNA regions and near to repeat sequences. These characteristics were detected among CMS-associated genes in other species, implying a common mechanism might be involved in the evolution of CMS-associated genes.Golden Seed ProjectMinistry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF)Rural Development Administration (RDA)Korea Forest Service (KFS)Vegetable Breeding Research Center through the R&D Convergence Center Support Program, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) Republic of Korea 710001-07Molecular Bioscience

On extensions of representations for compact Lie groups

Let $H$ be a closed normal subgroup of a compact Lie group $G$ such that $G/H$ is connected. This paper provides a necessary and sufficient condition for every complex representation of $H$ to be extendible to $G$, and also for every complex $G$-vector bundle over the homogeneous space $G/H$ to be trivial. In particular, we show that the condition holds when the fundamental group of $G/H$ is torsion free.Comment: 10 pages, AMS-LaTeX v1.

Classification of Equivariant Complex Vector Bundles over a Circle

In this paper we characterize the fiber representations of equivariant complex vector bundles over a circle and classify these bundles. We also treat the triviality of equivariant complex vector bundles over a circle by investigating the extensions of representations. As a corollary of our results, we calculate the reduced equivariant K-group of a circle for any compact Lie group.Comment: 15 pages, AMS-LaTeX v1.

Classification of equivariant real vector bundles over a circle

This is a continuation of the authors' previous work [math.AT/9910001] on classification of equivariant complex vector bundles over a circle. In this paper we classify equivariant real vector bundles over a circle with a compact Lie group action, by characterizing the fiber representations of them, and by using the result of the complex case. We also treat the triviality of them. The basic phenomenon is similar to the complex case but more complicated here.Comment: 16 pages, AMS-LaTeX v1.

Electrochemical Investigation of High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Molybdenum for Preparation of Counter Electrode

In order to improve the photocurrent conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), we studied an alternative conductor for the counter electrode and focused on molybdenum (Mo) instead of conventional fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Because Mo has a similar work function to FTO for band alignment, better formability of platinum (Pt), and a low electric resistance, using a counter electrode made of Mo instead of FTO lead to the enhancement of the catalytic reaction of the redox couple, reduce the interior resistance of the DSSCs, and prevent energy-barrier formation. Using electrical measurements under a 1-sun condition (100 mW/cm(2), AM 1.5), we determined that the fill factor (FF) and photocurrent conversion efficiency (eta) of DSSCs with a Mo electrode were respectively improved by 7.75% and 5.59% with respect to those of DSSCs with an FTO electrode. Moreover, we have investigated the origin of the improved performance through surface morphology analyses such as scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical analyses including cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy

New Less Conservative Control Design Conditions for T-S Fuzzy Systems: Relaxed Parameterized Linear Matrix Inequality in the Form of Double Sum

The aim of this study is to investigate less conservative conditions for a parameterized linear matrix inequality (PLMI) expressed in the form of double convex sum. This type of PLMI appears frequently in nonlinear T-S fuzzy control analysis and synthesis problems. In this paper, we derive sufficient linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for the PLMI without using any slack variables, by employing the proposed sum relaxation based on Young's inequality. The derived LMIs are proven to be less conservative than those presented in [1]. The proposed technique is applicable to various control design problems for T-S fuzzy systems represented in PLMIs that take the form of double convex sum. Furthermore, an example is provided to illustrate the reduced conservatism of the derived LMIs

Current-Induced Resonant Motion of a Magnetic Vortex Core: Effect of Nonadiabatic Spin Torque

The current-induced resonant excitation of a magnetic vortex core is investigated by means of analytical and micromagnetic calculations. We find that the radius and the phase shift of the resonant motion are not correctly described by the analytical equations because of the dynamic distortion of a vortex core. In contrast, the initial tilting angle of a vortex core is free from the distortion and determined by the nonadiabaticity of the spin torque. It is insensitive to experimentally uncontrollable current-induced in-plane Oersted field. We propose that a time-resolved imaging of the very initial trajectory of a core is essential to experimentally estimate the nonadiabaticity.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure