Evolving Multi-Resolution Pooling CNN for Monaural Singing Voice Separation

Monaural Singing Voice Separation (MSVS) is a challenging task and has been studied for decades. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are the current state-of-the-art methods for MSVS. However, the existing DNNs are often designed manually, which is time-consuming and error-prone. In addition, the network architectures are usually pre-defined, and not adapted to the training data. To address these issues, we introduce a Neural Architecture Search (NAS) method to the structure design of DNNs for MSVS. Specifically, we propose a new multi-resolution Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework for MSVS namely Multi-Resolution Pooling CNN (MRP-CNN), which uses various-size pooling operators to extract multi-resolution features. Based on the NAS, we then develop an evolving framework namely Evolving MRP-CNN (E-MRP-CNN), by automatically searching the effective MRP-CNN structures using genetic algorithms, optimized in terms of a single-objective considering only separation performance, or multi-objective considering both the separation performance and the model complexity. The multi-objective E-MRP-CNN gives a set of Pareto-optimal solutions, each providing a trade-off between separation performance and model complexity. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations on the MIR-1K and DSD100 datasets are used to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed framework over several recent baselines

Evolving Multi-Resolution Pooling CNN for Monaural Singing Voice Separation

Monaural singing voice separation (MSVS) is a challenging task and has been extensively studied. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are current state-of-the-art methods for MSVS. However, they are often designed manually, which is time-consuming and error-prone. They are also pre-defined, thus cannot adapt their structures to the training data. To address these issues, we first designed a multi-resolution convolutional neural network (CNN) for MSVS called multi-resolution pooling CNN (MRP-CNN), which uses various-sized pooling operators to extract multi-resolution features. We then introduced Neural Architecture Search (NAS) to extend the MRP-CNN to the evolving MRP-CNN (E-MRP-CNN) to automatically search for effective MRP-CNN structures using genetic algorithms optimized in terms of a single objective taking into account only separation performance and multiple objectives taking into account both separation performance and model complexity. The E-MRP-CNN using the multi-objective algorithm gives a set of Pareto-optimal solutions, each providing a trade-off between separation performance and model complexity. Evaluations on the MIR-1 K, DSD100, and MUSDB18 datasets were used to demonstrate the advantages of the E-MRP-CNN over several recent baselines

Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas reveals the dynamic characteristics and key regulators of planarian regeneration

Abstract Whole-body regeneration of planarians is a natural wonder but how it occurs remains elusive. It requires coordinated responses from each cell in the remaining tissue with spatial awareness to regenerate new cells and missing body parts. While previous studies identified new genes essential to regeneration, a more efficient screening approach that can identify regeneration-associated genes in the spatial context is needed. Here, we present a comprehensive three-dimensional spatiotemporal transcriptomic landscape of planarian regeneration. We describe a pluripotent neoblast subtype, and show that depletion of its marker gene makes planarians more susceptible to sub-lethal radiation. Furthermore, we identified spatial gene expression modules essential for tissue development. Functional analysis of hub genes in spatial modules, such as plk1, shows their important roles in regeneration. Our three-dimensional transcriptomic atlas provides a powerful tool for deciphering regeneration and identifying homeostasis-related genes, and provides a publicly available online spatiotemporal analysis resource for planarian regeneration research

The Schistosoma japonicum genome reveals features of host–parasite interplay

Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, which is a significant cause of morbidity in China and the Philippines. Here we present a draft genomic sequence for the worm. The genome provides a global insight into the molecular architecture and host interaction of this complex metazoan pathogen, revealing that it can exploit host nutrients, neuroendocrine hormones and signalling pathways for growth, development and maturation. Having a complex nervous system and a well-developed sensory system, S. japonicum can accept stimulation of the corresponding ligands as a physiological response to different environments, such as fresh water or the tissues of its intermediate and mammalian hosts. Numerous proteases, including cercarial elastase, are implicated in mammalian skin penetration and haemoglobin\ud degradation. The genomic information will serve as a valuable platform to facilitate development of new interventions for schistosomiasis control