Comunicación humanitaria para el desarrollo, comunicación social: entre ética y estética. Propuestas teóricas de definición

Desde hace décadas, el desarrollo es un espacio de intervención y práctica sociopolítica y cultural en cuyo proceso de institucionalización, legitimación y transformación ha incidido la práctica de investigación y la reflexión teórica de ámbitos muy dispares, entre ellos, el de comunicación. En la producción teórica y de investigación – así como en las prácticas de acción social- encontramos conceptos de fronteras difusas como: comunicación para el desarrollo, comunicación del desarrollo, comunicación humanitaria, información humanitaria, etc. A partir del análisis de dos distintos tipos de comunicación (la de las ONGD españolas y de las instituciones públicas para el desarrollo), este artículo propone una reflexión sobre la necesidad de delimitar un espacio teórico desde el que reflexionar sobre prácticas comunicativas que atañen a representaciones sobre el sufrimiento humano –en cuanto un sufrimiento evitable conectado con las condiciones socio-culturales, económicas y políticas-, prácticas que conllevan una dimensión ético-política inexorable y que, por tanto, nos sitúan ante prácticas comunicativas que no puede responder a criterios puramente estéticos aún cuando primen en ellas criterios funcionales de distinto orden.For decades, development has been an area of intervention and sociopolitical practice and culture in which the process of institutionalization, legitimation, and transformation has affected the practice of research and theoretical reflection of very disparate fields, including the media. In the theoretical and research - as well as social action practices, we find concepts of fuzzy boundaries as development communication, development communication, humanitarian information, etc. From the analysis of two different types of communication (the Spanish NGOs and public institutions for development), this article proposes a reflection on the need to define a theoretical space from which to reflect on communication practices regarding representations on the human suffering in avoidable suffering connected with the sociocultural, economic and political-practices involving ethical-political dimension inexorable and therefore put us in communicative practices can not answer purely to esthetic criteria

Friedreich ataxia-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons show a cellular phenotype that is corrected by a benzamide HDAC inhibitor

We employed induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons obtained from Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) patients and healthy subjects, FRDA neurons and CT neurons, respectively, to unveil phenotypic alterations related to frataxin (FXN) deficiency and investigate if they can be reversed by treatments that upregulate FXN. FRDA and control iPSCs were equally capable of differentiating into a neuronal or astrocytic phenotype. FRDA neurons showed lower levels of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) and lipoic acid-containing proteins, higher labile iron pool (LIP), higher expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and enhanced sensitivity to oxidants compared with CT neurons, indicating deficient Fe-S cluster biogenesis, altered iron metabolism, and oxidative stress. Treatment with the benzamide HDAC inhibitor 109 significantly upregulated FXN expression and increased Fe-S and lipoic acid-containing protein levels, downregulated SOD2 levels, normalized LIP and ROS levels, and almost fully protected FRDA neurons from oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Our findings suggest that correction of FXN deficiency may not only stop disease progression, but also lead to clinical improvement by rescuing still surviving, but dysfunctional neurons.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe